Las cadenas de producción y comercialización en Costa Rica. El caso de la intermediación comercial en las camaroneras orgánicas de Nandayure, Guanacaste
Fecha
2019
Autores
Baltodano Díaz, Hania
Campos Jiménez, Jennifer
Díaz Madrigal, Scarlett
Rojas Carvajal, María José
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El camarón es considerado como el producto pesquero comercializado más importante a nivel mundial, el 60% de la producción camaronera, es decir, 6 millones de toneladas, aproximadamente, entra al mercado mundial (FAO 2010). De esta forma, para los primeros meses del año 2016 India lideraba las exportaciones de camarón, seguido de Ecuador, Tailandia, Indonesia y China, mientras tanto, las importaciones de este producto fueron lideradas, en el mismo año, por Estados Unidos, Japón y la Unión Europea (FAO 2017). A nivel mundial el principal productor de pescados y mariscos es el continente asiático. No obstante, en América Central, “Honduras representa el 39,73% del cultivo de camarón, seguida por Nicaragua y Guatemala que suman el 32%. Continúan Panamá, Belice y Costa Rica con el 27,7% en conjunto, mientras que El Salvador solo aporta el 0,54% de la producción total de la región.” (Oddone & Beltrán 2013; 13). Por su parte, en Costa Rica, según la FAO (2005) “la camaronicultura como actividad comercial se inicia en 1975 con el establecimiento de la empresa Maricultura S.A., empresa privada establecida en Chomes, Puntarenas, cuyo fin era el trabajo con tres especies, Pennaeus Vannamei, P.stylirostris y P. occidentales”. Para finales de la misma década, los salineros del Golfo de Nicoya establecieron cultivos de subsistencia, dando paso a la instalación en el país del primer laboratorio de producción de post-larvas denominado Cosechas Marinas S.A (Valverde Moya & Alfaro Montoya 2013). Por otra parte, en los últimos años, el camarón ha sido considerado como uno de los productos pesqueros de mayor dinamismo en Costa Rica; según PROCOMER (2017) “las exportaciones costarricenses de productos de mar superaron los 83 millones de dólares, específicamente, los camarones”, asimismo, “se estima que en Costa Rica se producen anualmente 5000 toneladas de camarón de cultivo, una parte importante de las cuales es de camarón orgánico certificado, que se exporta a Europa y a Estados Unidos.”(Marín González 2014)
Shrimp is considered the most important commercialized fishery product worldwide, 60% of shrimp production, that is, 6 million tons, approximately, enters the world market (FAO 2010). Thus, for the first months of 2016 India led shrimp exports, followed by Ecuador, Thailand, Indonesia and China, meanwhile, imports of this product were led, in the same year, by the United States, Japan and the European Union (FAO 2017). Worldwide, the main producer of fish and shellfish is the Asian continent. However, in Central America, “Honduras represents 39.73% of shrimp farming, followed by Nicaragua and Guatemala which add up to 32%. Panama, Belize, and Costa Rica continue with 27.7% as a whole, while El Salvador only contributes 0.54% of the region's total production. " (Oddone & Beltrán 2013; 13). For its part, in Costa Rica, according to FAO (2005) “shrimp farming as a commercial activity began in 1975 with the establishment of the company Maricultura SA, a private company established in Chomes, Puntarenas, whose purpose was to work with three species, Pennaeus Vannamei, P.stylirostris and P. occidental ”. By the end of the same decade, the salineros of the Gulf of Nicoya established subsistence crops, giving way to the installation in the country of the first post-larvae production laboratory called Cosechas Marinas S.A (Valverde Moya & Alfaro Montoya 2013). On the other hand, in recent years, shrimp has been considered one of the most dynamic fishery products in Costa Rica; According to PROCOMER (2017) “Costa Rican exports of seafood products exceeded 83 million dollars, specifically shrimp”, likewise, “it is estimated that in Costa Rica 5,000 tons of farmed shrimp are produced annually, an important part of the which is from certified organic shrimp, which is exported to Europe and the United States. ”(Marín González 2014)
Shrimp is considered the most important commercialized fishery product worldwide, 60% of shrimp production, that is, 6 million tons, approximately, enters the world market (FAO 2010). Thus, for the first months of 2016 India led shrimp exports, followed by Ecuador, Thailand, Indonesia and China, meanwhile, imports of this product were led, in the same year, by the United States, Japan and the European Union (FAO 2017). Worldwide, the main producer of fish and shellfish is the Asian continent. However, in Central America, “Honduras represents 39.73% of shrimp farming, followed by Nicaragua and Guatemala which add up to 32%. Panama, Belize, and Costa Rica continue with 27.7% as a whole, while El Salvador only contributes 0.54% of the region's total production. " (Oddone & Beltrán 2013; 13). For its part, in Costa Rica, according to FAO (2005) “shrimp farming as a commercial activity began in 1975 with the establishment of the company Maricultura SA, a private company established in Chomes, Puntarenas, whose purpose was to work with three species, Pennaeus Vannamei, P.stylirostris and P. occidental ”. By the end of the same decade, the salineros of the Gulf of Nicoya established subsistence crops, giving way to the installation in the country of the first post-larvae production laboratory called Cosechas Marinas S.A (Valverde Moya & Alfaro Montoya 2013). On the other hand, in recent years, shrimp has been considered one of the most dynamic fishery products in Costa Rica; According to PROCOMER (2017) “Costa Rican exports of seafood products exceeded 83 million dollars, specifically shrimp”, likewise, “it is estimated that in Costa Rica 5,000 tons of farmed shrimp are produced annually, an important part of the which is from certified organic shrimp, which is exported to Europe and the United States. ”(Marín González 2014)
Descripción
Palabras clave
CAMARONES, COMERCIALIZACIÓN, COSTA RICA, NANDAYURE (GUANACASTE), PRODUCCIÓN, PRODUCTORES, COMMERCIALIZATION, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION, SHRIMP