Crecimiento bajo condiciones controladas de laboratorio y determinación del perfil de toxinas del dinoflagelado tóxico Gymnodinium catenatum, Golfo de Nicoya, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
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Fecha
2019-06
Autores
Berrocal Artavia, Karen
Calvo Vargas, Emilia
Boza Abarca, Jorge
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Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El Golfo de Nicoya es un estuario altamente productivo, especialmente debido a la influencia
directa de los ríos Grande de Tárcoles, Tempisque y Barranca, que anualmente depositan grandes
cantidades de nutrientes a esta área. Su estudio, en diferentes disciplinas ha sido de gran interés por
parte de la comunidad científica, entre ellos, la dinámica del fitoplancton. La presencia de microalgas
potencialmente tóxicas, principalmente dinoflagelados que producen toxinas muy potentes podrían
causar riesgos severos a la salud pública, las pesquerías, la maricultura y el turismo, con una gran
repercusión socio-económica para el país.
Entre las ficotoxinas, las de tipo paralizante constituyen la principal amenaza para la salud pública
(Reguera, 2002). Además, este grupo de toxinas es el que tiene la distribución más amplia en todo
América Latina (Lagos, 2002) y es la intoxicación que se ha presentado en la costa pacífica de Costa Rica
desde hace más de 20 años (Mata, Abarca, Marranghello & Víquez, 1990), causada por el dinoflagelado
tóxico Pyrodinium bahamense var compressum. En el Golfo de Nicoya, también se observa a Gymnodinium
catenatum otro dinoflagelado que ha sido reportado a nivel mundial como productor de toxinas
paralizantes, por lo tanto, es de vital importancia conocer el perfil toxicológico de esta especie para así
poder determinar el potencial tóxico que representa, aunque todas estas toxinas se derivan de una
estructura común, no todas presentan el mismo grado de toxicidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue
detectar la presencia de toxinas de tipo paralizante mediante cromatografía líquida con detección
flourimétrica (LC-FLD) y derivatización postcolumna, en el dinoflagelado Gymnodinium catenatum
cultivado bajo condiciones controladas de laboratorio.
The Gulf of Nicoya is a highly productive estuary, especially due to the influence direct from the Grande de Tárcoles, Tempisque and Barranca rivers, which annually deposit large amounts of nutrients to this area. Its study, in different disciplines, has been of great interest for part of the scientific community, including phytoplankton dynamics. The presence of microalgae potentially toxic, mainly dinoflagellates that produce very potent toxins could cause severe risks to public health, fisheries, mariculture and tourism, with great socio-economic impact for the country. Among phycotoxins, the paralyzing type constitute the main threat to public health (Reguera, 2002). Furthermore, this group of toxins is the one with the widest distribution throughout Latin America (Lagos, 2002) and is the poisoning that has occurred on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica for more than 20 years (Mata, Abarca, Marranghello & Víquez, 1990), caused by the dinoflagellate toxic Pyrodinium bahamense var compressum. In the Gulf of Nicoya, Gymnodinium is also observed catenatum another dinoflagellate that has been reported worldwide as a toxin producer paralyzing agents, therefore, it is vitally important to know the toxicological profile of this species in order to be able to determine the toxic potential it represents, although all these toxins are derived from a common structure, not all have the same degree of toxicity. The objective of this work was detect the presence of paralytic-type toxins using liquid chromatography with detection flourimetry (LC-FLD) and postcolumn derivatization, in the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum grown under controlled laboratory conditions,
The Gulf of Nicoya is a highly productive estuary, especially due to the influence direct from the Grande de Tárcoles, Tempisque and Barranca rivers, which annually deposit large amounts of nutrients to this area. Its study, in different disciplines, has been of great interest for part of the scientific community, including phytoplankton dynamics. The presence of microalgae potentially toxic, mainly dinoflagellates that produce very potent toxins could cause severe risks to public health, fisheries, mariculture and tourism, with great socio-economic impact for the country. Among phycotoxins, the paralyzing type constitute the main threat to public health (Reguera, 2002). Furthermore, this group of toxins is the one with the widest distribution throughout Latin America (Lagos, 2002) and is the poisoning that has occurred on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica for more than 20 years (Mata, Abarca, Marranghello & Víquez, 1990), caused by the dinoflagellate toxic Pyrodinium bahamense var compressum. In the Gulf of Nicoya, Gymnodinium is also observed catenatum another dinoflagellate that has been reported worldwide as a toxin producer paralyzing agents, therefore, it is vitally important to know the toxicological profile of this species in order to be able to determine the toxic potential it represents, although all these toxins are derived from a common structure, not all have the same degree of toxicity. The objective of this work was detect the presence of paralytic-type toxins using liquid chromatography with detection flourimetry (LC-FLD) and postcolumn derivatization, in the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum grown under controlled laboratory conditions,
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Palabras clave
CRECIMIENTO, CONDICIONES, DETERMINACIÓN, PERFIL, TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE TOXINS, GYMNODINIUM CATENATUM, GOLFO DE NICOYA (COSTA RICA), ESTUARIOS, DINOFLAGELLATES