Análisis del estado actual de la pesquería de barracuda Sphyraena ensis (SPHYRAENIDAE), en el Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica
Archivos
Fecha
2014
Autores
Quiróz Aizpurúa, Adair
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El alto nivel de capturas de barracudas en el Golfo de Nicoya por parte de los pescadores artesanales dedicados a esta actividad ha traído gran preocupación en cuanto a la explotación óptima del recurso a largo plazo. Alrededor de 50 embarcaciones se dedican a la pesca con cuerda dela barracuda (Sphyraena ensis) en la zona externa del Golfo, como salida a la gran problemática social y económica que encierra a estas comunidades costeras. Se realizaron muestreos de esta especie durante 20 meses para conocer algunos de sus aspectos biológicos y su dinámica poblacional. Además, se determinaron algunos aspectos socioeconómicos de esta pesquería. Se comprobó que S. ensis se distribuye en la zona externa del Golfo de Nicoya, a profundidades no mayores de 20 metros. La barracuda, según los resultados de los parámetros poblacionales, demuestra que la talla de reproducción para las hembras es de 430 mm de LT. Se determinaron dos periodos máximos de desove o puestas, uno entre enero-marzo (época seca) y otro en agosto-octubre (época lluviosa).Los parámetros de crecimiento estimados fueron: 700 mm, K= 0.7 año-1, to= -0.016. La barracuda se ha convertido en los últimos años en una especie de alto valor comercial, alcanzando un precio promedio de 3850 colones (unos $7 dólares americanos) por kilogramo, lo que lo convierte en un recurso muy atractivo para los pescadores de la zona externa.
The high level of barracuda catches in the Gulf of Nicoya by artisanal fishermen dedicated to this activity has raised great concern regarding the optimal exploitation of the resource in the long term. Around 50 boats are engaged in rope fishing for the barracuda (Sphyraena ensis) in the outer zone of the Gulf, as a way out of the great social and economic problems that surround these coastal communities. Sampling of this species was carried out for 20 months to know some of its biological aspects and its population dynamics. In addition, some socioeconomic aspects of this fishery were determined. It was found that S. ensis is distributed in the external zone of the Gulf of Nicoya, at depths no greater than 20 meters. The barracuda, according to the results of the population parameters, shows that the reproductive size for females is 430 mm TL. Two maximum spawning or spawning periods were determined, one between January-March (dry season) and the other in August-October (rainy season). The estimated growth parameters were: 700 mm, K= 0.7 year-1, to= - 0.016. In recent years, the barracuda has become a species of high commercial value, reaching an average price of 3,850 colones (about $7 US dollars) per kilogram, which makes it a very attractive resource for fishermen from the outside area.
The high level of barracuda catches in the Gulf of Nicoya by artisanal fishermen dedicated to this activity has raised great concern regarding the optimal exploitation of the resource in the long term. Around 50 boats are engaged in rope fishing for the barracuda (Sphyraena ensis) in the outer zone of the Gulf, as a way out of the great social and economic problems that surround these coastal communities. Sampling of this species was carried out for 20 months to know some of its biological aspects and its population dynamics. In addition, some socioeconomic aspects of this fishery were determined. It was found that S. ensis is distributed in the external zone of the Gulf of Nicoya, at depths no greater than 20 meters. The barracuda, according to the results of the population parameters, shows that the reproductive size for females is 430 mm TL. Two maximum spawning or spawning periods were determined, one between January-March (dry season) and the other in August-October (rainy season). The estimated growth parameters were: 700 mm, K= 0.7 year-1, to= - 0.016. In recent years, the barracuda has become a species of high commercial value, reaching an average price of 3,850 colones (about $7 US dollars) per kilogram, which makes it a very attractive resource for fishermen from the outside area.
Descripción
Quiróz Aizpurúa, A. (2014). Análisis del estado actual de la pesquería de barracuda Sphyraena ensis (SPHYRAENIDAE), en el Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica. [Tesis de Maestría]. Universidad Nacional, Puntarenas, C.R.
Palabras clave
PESQUERIAS, FISHERIES, SPHYRAENIDAE, GOLFO DE NICOYA (COSTA RICA), MORTALIDAD, PESCA ARTESANAL, ARTISANAL FISHING, ASPECTOS ECONOMICOS