Representaciones del cuerpo de las personas adultas mayores institucionalizadas y no institucionalizadas
Fecha
2017-11
Autores
Carballo Chaves, Rosalía
Leal Torres, Sindy
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación busca analizar las representaciones del cuerpo de las personas adultas mayores institucionalizadas y no institucionalizadas. Para esto se decidieron como categorías de análisis: el Concepto del cuerpo, la Percepción del cuerpo y Elementos simbólicos del cuerpo. Para lograr conocer estas representaciones se trabajó con 10 personas adultas mayores tanto del hogar Carlos María Ulloa, como del Programa de Atención Integral para la Persona Adulta Mayor, donde se decidió utilizar al psicoanálisis como referente conceptual, a partir de este estudio los instrumentos que correspondían eran el relato de vida y grupos de discusión, por lo que para la interpretación de los datos se decidió el método de la Hermenéutica Profunda. Es a partir de la interpretación de los textos que se puede llegar a acceder a elementos simbólicos que mencionan las personas durante sus relatos de vida y también durante los grupos de discusión. Encontrando como conclusiones que la transición de pasar de la adultez a la adultez mayor es un aspecto exógeno ya que ellos mismos no notaron el cambio, sino fueron las personas a su alrededor que señalaron los cambios físicos en ellos y ellas sobre la nueva etapa. La jubilación se convierte en un elemento central a la hora de definir el momento en el que se entra en este grupo etario según ellos. La funcionalidad no va a depender de las capacidades físicas o del esquema corporal, sino de las labores que sigan desempeñando, donde se sientan útiles. A partir de lo mencionado anteriormente se puede concluir que los adultos perciben una percepción social negativa hacia la vejez lo que puede conllevar a transmitir esta visión hacia ellos mismos. Las personas adultas mayores de la investigación que no se identifican en la etapa, se encuentran en un nuevo espacio, un no espacio, una no etapa en realidad, una especie de limbo, en la misma Adultez mayor. La percepción del cuerpo en la persona adulta mayor va a depender del lugar donde se encuentren. Se pudo notar que los adultos mayores institucionalizados de la presente investigación presentan conformismo respecto a su vida, ven su vida y la adultez mayor como un destino, el cual ya alcanzaron y solo queda esperar la muerte.
This research seeks to analyze the body representations of institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults. For this purpose, the following categories of analysis were chosen: Body Concept, Body Perception, and Symbolic Elements of the Body. To understand these representations, we worked with 10 older adults from both the Carlos María Ulloa Home and the Comprehensive Care Program for Older Adults. It was decided to use psychoanalysis as a conceptual framework. Based on this study, the corresponding instruments were life stories and focus groups. Therefore, the Deep Hermeneutics method was chosen for data interpretation. It is through the interpretation of the texts that we can access symbolic elements mentioned by the individuals during their life stories and also during focus groups. The conclusions were found that the transition from adulthood to older adulthood is an exogenous aspect, since they themselves did not notice the change; rather, it was the people around them who pointed out the physical changes in them during this new stage. Retirement becomes a central element when defining the moment at which one enters this age group, according to them. Functionality does not depend on physical abilities or body image, but on the jobs they continue to perform, where they feel useful. Based on the aforementioned, it can be concluded that adults perceive a negative social perception of old age, which can lead to transmitting this vision to themselves. The older adults in the study who do not identify with this stage find themselves in a new space, a non-space, a non-stage in reality, a kind of limbo, in Older Adulthood itself. An older adult's perception of their body depends on their location. It was noted that the institutionalized older adults in this study are complacent about their lives. They view their lives and older adulthood as a destiny they have already achieved, and all that remains is to await death.
This research seeks to analyze the body representations of institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults. For this purpose, the following categories of analysis were chosen: Body Concept, Body Perception, and Symbolic Elements of the Body. To understand these representations, we worked with 10 older adults from both the Carlos María Ulloa Home and the Comprehensive Care Program for Older Adults. It was decided to use psychoanalysis as a conceptual framework. Based on this study, the corresponding instruments were life stories and focus groups. Therefore, the Deep Hermeneutics method was chosen for data interpretation. It is through the interpretation of the texts that we can access symbolic elements mentioned by the individuals during their life stories and also during focus groups. The conclusions were found that the transition from adulthood to older adulthood is an exogenous aspect, since they themselves did not notice the change; rather, it was the people around them who pointed out the physical changes in them during this new stage. Retirement becomes a central element when defining the moment at which one enters this age group, according to them. Functionality does not depend on physical abilities or body image, but on the jobs they continue to perform, where they feel useful. Based on the aforementioned, it can be concluded that adults perceive a negative social perception of old age, which can lead to transmitting this vision to themselves. The older adults in the study who do not identify with this stage find themselves in a new space, a non-space, a non-stage in reality, a kind of limbo, in Older Adulthood itself. An older adult's perception of their body depends on their location. It was noted that the institutionalized older adults in this study are complacent about their lives. They view their lives and older adulthood as a destiny they have already achieved, and all that remains is to await death.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Psicología
Palabras clave
ANCIANOS, EXPRESIÓN CORPORAL, ARTES DE REPRESENTACIÓN, ASPECTOS PSICOLÓGICOS, ASILOS DE ANCIANOS, CENTROS DIURNOS PARA ADULTOS, ELDERLY, BODYWORK, PERFORMANCE ARTS, PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS, NURSING HOMES, ADULT DAY CENTERS