El aprendizaje por medio de las habilidades del proceso científico: un análisis de caso
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Fecha
1991
Autores
Araya Solís, Eduardo
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Los procesos científicos -que aquí se denominan "habilidades del proceso científico"- han sido concebidos como una opción de aprendizaje; sin embargo, a nivel nacional no se ha hecho un estudio que incluya análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos a fin de determinar la verdadera influencia de una acción basada en tales habilidades. En este trabajo se presenta un estudio de caso donde se realizan análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos de los resultados obtenidos como producto de la creación, implementación y puesta en práctica de un programa novedoso cuya intención es utilizar el dominio de habilidades del proceso científico como una forma de aprendizaje. Para realizar el estudio se comparan dos secciones que, al ubicarlas dentro del sistema educativo formal costarricense, pertenecen al X año. Se establecen los objetivos o problemas a investigar, dentro de los que destacan lo que conllevan a determinar si con la utilización del programa novedoso se logra o no un mayor dominio de las habilidades del proceso científico; si tal dominio favorece el aprendizaje y si se alcanza un mayor nivel en la actitud científica. Hechos los análisis estadísticos, se encuentra que las conclusiones sustantivas del mismo, permiten afirmar que hubo mayor dominio de las habilidades del proceso científico, mas el resultado es otro en cuanto a nivel de actitud científica. Se procede, entonces, a hacer análisis cualitativos, los cuales, conforme se profundiza en el estudio de la experiencia integralmente concebida, lleva a una extensión en el ámbito de dicho estudio cuyo resultado viene a ser un aporte significativo a la teoría existente acerca de la utilización de las habilidades del proceso científico como una forma de aprendizaje. Se trata de abarcar todos los aspectos relacionados íntimamente con las acciones didácticas, tales como el análisis de sus debilidades, el sistema de evaluación, interés del estudiante, funcionalidad del programa novedoso, logro de las habilidades del proceso científico, etc. Con base en lo anterior, quedan expuestas, a manera de conclusiones, algunas soluciones que podrían mejorar la acción pedagógica nacional y además, quedan abiertos muchos temas que requieren de investigaciones particulares.
Scientific processes - here called "scientific process skills" - have been conceived as a learning option; however, at the national level a study has not been carried out that includes quantitative and qualitative analyzes in order to determine the true influence of an action based on such abilities. In this work a case study is presented where quantitative and qualitative analyzes are carried out of the results obtained as a product of the creation, implementation and implementation of a novel program whose intention is to use the mastery of skills of the scientific process as a way of learning. To carry out the study, two sections are compared which, when located within the formal Costa Rican educational system, belong to the X year. The objectives or problems to be investigated are established, among which stand out what they lead to determine if with the use of the novel program a greater mastery of the skills of the scientific process is achieved or not; if such mastery favors learning and if a higher level is reached in scientific attitude. Once the statistical analyzes are done, it is found that the substantive conclusions of the same, allow to affirm that there was a greater mastery of the abilities of the scientific process, but the result is different in terms of the level of scientific attitude. We proceed, then, to make qualitative analyzes, which, as the study of the fully conceived experience is deepened, leads to an extension in the scope of said study whose result becomes a significant contribution to the existing theory about the using the skills of the scientific process as a way of learning. It is about covering all aspects closely related to didactic actions, such as the analysis of their weaknesses, the evaluation system, student interest, functionality of the new program, achievement of the skills of the scientific process, etc. Based on the above, some solutions that could improve national pedagogical action are exposed, as conclusions, and also, many issues that require particular research remain open.
Scientific processes - here called "scientific process skills" - have been conceived as a learning option; however, at the national level a study has not been carried out that includes quantitative and qualitative analyzes in order to determine the true influence of an action based on such abilities. In this work a case study is presented where quantitative and qualitative analyzes are carried out of the results obtained as a product of the creation, implementation and implementation of a novel program whose intention is to use the mastery of skills of the scientific process as a way of learning. To carry out the study, two sections are compared which, when located within the formal Costa Rican educational system, belong to the X year. The objectives or problems to be investigated are established, among which stand out what they lead to determine if with the use of the novel program a greater mastery of the skills of the scientific process is achieved or not; if such mastery favors learning and if a higher level is reached in scientific attitude. Once the statistical analyzes are done, it is found that the substantive conclusions of the same, allow to affirm that there was a greater mastery of the abilities of the scientific process, but the result is different in terms of the level of scientific attitude. We proceed, then, to make qualitative analyzes, which, as the study of the fully conceived experience is deepened, leads to an extension in the scope of said study whose result becomes a significant contribution to the existing theory about the using the skills of the scientific process as a way of learning. It is about covering all aspects closely related to didactic actions, such as the analysis of their weaknesses, the evaluation system, student interest, functionality of the new program, achievement of the skills of the scientific process, etc. Based on the above, some solutions that could improve national pedagogical action are exposed, as conclusions, and also, many issues that require particular research remain open.
Descripción
Araya Solís, E. (1991). El aprendizaje por medio de las habilidades del proceso científico: un análisis de caso. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
APRENDIZAJE, LEARNING, CIENCIA, SCIENCE, ENSEÑANZA, TEACHING