Relación entre crecimiento y curvas de lactancia en grupos raciales lecheros de distintas zonas agroecológicas de Costa Rica
Archivos
Fecha
2008
Autores
Ulloa, J
Vargas Leitón, Bernardo
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Editor
LRRD newa
Resumen
El objetivo del presente estudio fue tipificar y comparar el rendimiento en producción de leche y grasa en primera
lactancia entre 15 grupos raciales lecheros procedentes de 9 zonas agroecológicas de Costa Rica y establecer si
dicho rendimiento es afectado por la tasa de crecimiento durante la etapa de crianza. Para el ajuste de las curvas de
lactancias (leche y grasa) se utilizó el modelo de Wood.
En producción de leche a 305 d. se observaron diferencias altamente significativas (p<0.01) entre zonas y grupos
raciales. Las zonas con mayores producciones fueron Bosque Pluvial-Montano Bajo, Bosque Muy HúmedoMontano, Bosque Húmedo-Premontano y Bosque Húmedo-Montano Bajo. Por el contrario la zona con menor
producción fue Bosque Húmedo-Tropical. Los grupos raciales con mayor producción fueron Holstein y sus cruces
con Pardo Suizo o Jersey, mientras que los de menor producción fueron los cruces Bos indicus×Bos taurus, cruces
de Jersey×Pardo Suizo y Pardo Suizo. En cuanto a producción de grasa, se observaron diferencias altamente
significativas (p<0.01) entre zona agroecológicas, no así entre grupos raciales. Las zonas donde se presentaron
mayores producciones de grasa fueron Bosque Pluvial-Montano Bajo y Bosque Muy Húmedo-Montano, mientras
que la zona con menor producción fue Bosque Húmedo-Tropical. Las razas con mayor producción de grasa fueron
cruces Holstein×Jersey, Guernsey, Holstein y Jersey. A pesar de la amplia diferencia en producción de leche de la
raza Holstein sobre la Jersey (>1200 kg), las diferencias en grasa no fueron estadísticamente significativas (12
kg). Para la mayoría de las razas se observó una asociación positiva entre la ganancia de peso (0-12 meses) y la
Producción de Leche a 100 días. En general, los coeficientes de regresión de la ganancia de peso (0-12 meses)
sobre la producción de leche a 100 d. en primera lactancia oscilaron entre -22.9 (p>0.5) hasta 47.9 (p<0.01). En
el caso de Guernsey se observó un incremento aproximado de 47.9 kg en Producción de leche a 100 días por cada
kg adicional de ganancia de peso mensual durante el primer año de crecimiento. Los coeficientes obtenidos para
ganancia de peso (12-20 meses) y edad al parto oscilaron entre -3.9 (p>0.5) y 27.9 (p<0.01). Es probable que las
mayores ganancias de peso se relacionen con una mejor condición nutricional al momento del primer parto y por ende un mejor rendimiento en producción.
The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between growth rate during the rearing period (0-12 mo, 12-20 mo) and production (milk and fat) during first lactation in 15 dairy breed types from 9 agro ecological zones of Costa Rica. Lactation curves (milk and fat) were adjusted using a Wood model. For 305-d. milk yield, highly significant (p<0.01) differences were found between breed types and agroecological zones. Zones with higher milk yield were Lower Montane Rain Forest, Montane Wet Forest, Premontane Wet Forest and Lower Montane Wet Forest. Zone with the lowest milk yield was Tropical Moist Forest. Breed types with the highest production were Holstein and crosses Holstein×Brown Swiss and Holstein×Jersey. Breed types with the lowest production were crosses Bos Indicus×Bos Taurus, Jersey×Brown Swiss and Brown Swiss. For production of fat, highly significant (p<0.01) differences were found between agro ecological zones, but no significant differences were detected between breed types. Zones with the highest production of fat were Lower Montane Rain Forest and Montane Wet Forest, and zone with the lowest production was Tropical Moist Forest. Breed types with the highest production of fat were crosses Holstein×Jersey, Guernsey, Holstein and Jersey. Despite the large difference in milk yield between Holstein and Jersey (+1200 kg), no significant differences were found for fat (12 kg). For most of breed types, a positive association was observed between growth rate (0-12 mo) and 100-d milk yield during first 100 d. in lactation. Regression coefficients for the effect of growth rate (0-12 mo) on 100-d milk yield during first lactation ranged between -22.9 (p>0.05) and 47.9 (p<0.01). For Guernsey, the coefficient meant an increase of 47.9 kg in 100-d milk yield per each 1 kg increase in monthly growth rate (0-12 mo). Regression coefficients for the effect of growth rate (12-20 mo) on age at first calving ranged between -3.9 (p>0.05) and 27.9 (p<0.01). It is likely that higher growth rates result in better body condition at first calving, which subsequently traduces in a better performance during first lactation.
The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between growth rate during the rearing period (0-12 mo, 12-20 mo) and production (milk and fat) during first lactation in 15 dairy breed types from 9 agro ecological zones of Costa Rica. Lactation curves (milk and fat) were adjusted using a Wood model. For 305-d. milk yield, highly significant (p<0.01) differences were found between breed types and agroecological zones. Zones with higher milk yield were Lower Montane Rain Forest, Montane Wet Forest, Premontane Wet Forest and Lower Montane Wet Forest. Zone with the lowest milk yield was Tropical Moist Forest. Breed types with the highest production were Holstein and crosses Holstein×Brown Swiss and Holstein×Jersey. Breed types with the lowest production were crosses Bos Indicus×Bos Taurus, Jersey×Brown Swiss and Brown Swiss. For production of fat, highly significant (p<0.01) differences were found between agro ecological zones, but no significant differences were detected between breed types. Zones with the highest production of fat were Lower Montane Rain Forest and Montane Wet Forest, and zone with the lowest production was Tropical Moist Forest. Breed types with the highest production of fat were crosses Holstein×Jersey, Guernsey, Holstein and Jersey. Despite the large difference in milk yield between Holstein and Jersey (+1200 kg), no significant differences were found for fat (12 kg). For most of breed types, a positive association was observed between growth rate (0-12 mo) and 100-d milk yield during first 100 d. in lactation. Regression coefficients for the effect of growth rate (0-12 mo) on 100-d milk yield during first lactation ranged between -22.9 (p>0.05) and 47.9 (p<0.01). For Guernsey, the coefficient meant an increase of 47.9 kg in 100-d milk yield per each 1 kg increase in monthly growth rate (0-12 mo). Regression coefficients for the effect of growth rate (12-20 mo) on age at first calving ranged between -3.9 (p>0.05) and 27.9 (p<0.01). It is likely that higher growth rates result in better body condition at first calving, which subsequently traduces in a better performance during first lactation.
Descripción
Palabras clave
PRODUCCIÓN LECHERA, MILK CATTLE, MILK PRODUCTION, LACTANCIA, LECHE, BREASTFEEDING, GANADO DE LECHE, ZONIFICACIÓN, ZONING