Caracterización química de la cianobacteria Scytonema SP. cepa BGN-37 como fuente de aleloquímicos con actividad antimicótica sobre el hongo fitopatógeno Botrytis cinerea
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Fecha
2009-04
Autores
Fernández Sánchez, Óscar Alberto
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Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Dado los antecedentes antifúngicos que presentaba la cepa BGN—37 de la algoteca de la escuela de Ciencias Biológicas de la UNA, se contactó al Laboratorio de Fitoquímica de la Escuela de Química de la UNA y de esta manera se propuso una investigación con el fin de caracterizar esta propiedad y enfocarla a un aprovechamiento en el uso de tecnologías alternativas para el control de plagas agrícolas.
Se inició con un cultivo y escalamiento en el medio BG - 11 de la cepa BGN—37 perteneciente a una cianobacteria de) género Scytonema, hasta obtener una biomasa algal liofilizada de 3 g. Seguidamente se realiza una extracción con metanol, etanol, acetona y metanol:H20 (1:1) que garantizara la máxima recuperación en sólidos extraíbles. De manera simultanea se preparó un cultivo del fitopatógeno Bottytis cinerea para la realización de los bioensayos de medición de actividad antifúngica.
Los bioensayos aplicados fueron, la prueba de disco de difusión en PDA y conteo de esporas y donde un análisis estadístico de Kruskal-Wallis para esta prueba reveló que no existen diferencias significativas en la acción antimicótica de tos extractos metanol, etanol y metanol:H20, y se llega a alcanzar el máximo efecto a una dilución de 1/100 000. De esta manera se recomendaría cualquiera de los tres disolventes para la recuperación de metabolitos con propiedades antimicóticos de Scytonema sp.
Se procedió a caracterizar mediante técnicas cromatográfica el extracto metanólico llegando a la identificación de dos compuestos mayoritarios y un análisis por reacciones coloridas reveló que podría tratarse de derivados isoprénicos glicosidados con residuos fenólicos.
Given the antifungal history of the BGN-37 strain of the algoteca of the School of Biological Sciences of UNA, the Phytochemistry Laboratory of the School of Chemistry of UNA was contacted and in this way an investigation was proposed in order to characterize this property and focus it on the use of alternative technologies for the control of agricultural pests. It began with a culture and scaling in the BG-11 medium of the BGN-37 strain belonging to a cyanobacteria of the genus Scytonema, until a lyophilized algal biomass of 3 g was obtained. Next, an extraction is carried out with methanol, ethanol, acetone and methanol:H20 (1:1) which will guarantee the maximum recovery of extractable solids. Simultaneously, a culture of the phytopathogen Bottytis cinerea was prepared to carry out bioassays to measure antifungal activity. The applied bioassays were the PDA diffusion disc test and spore count, and where a Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis for this test revealed that there are no significant differences in the antifungal action of methanol, ethanol and methanol:H20 extracts, and the maximum effect is reached at a dilution of 1/100,000. Thus, any of the three solvents would be recommended for the recovery of metabolites with antifungal properties of Scytonema sp. We proceeded to characterize the methanolic extract using chromatographic techniques, identifying two major compounds and an analysis by color reactions revealed that it could be glycosidated isoprene derivatives with phenolic residues.
Given the antifungal history of the BGN-37 strain of the algoteca of the School of Biological Sciences of UNA, the Phytochemistry Laboratory of the School of Chemistry of UNA was contacted and in this way an investigation was proposed in order to characterize this property and focus it on the use of alternative technologies for the control of agricultural pests. It began with a culture and scaling in the BG-11 medium of the BGN-37 strain belonging to a cyanobacteria of the genus Scytonema, until a lyophilized algal biomass of 3 g was obtained. Next, an extraction is carried out with methanol, ethanol, acetone and methanol:H20 (1:1) which will guarantee the maximum recovery of extractable solids. Simultaneously, a culture of the phytopathogen Bottytis cinerea was prepared to carry out bioassays to measure antifungal activity. The applied bioassays were the PDA diffusion disc test and spore count, and where a Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis for this test revealed that there are no significant differences in the antifungal action of methanol, ethanol and methanol:H20 extracts, and the maximum effect is reached at a dilution of 1/100,000. Thus, any of the three solvents would be recommended for the recovery of metabolites with antifungal properties of Scytonema sp. We proceeded to characterize the methanolic extract using chromatographic techniques, identifying two major compounds and an analysis by color reactions revealed that it could be glycosidated isoprene derivatives with phenolic residues.
Descripción
Fernández Sánchez, O. A. (2009). Caracterización química de la cianobacteria Scytonema SP. cepa BGN-37 como fuente de aleloquímicos con actividad antimicótica sobre el hongo fitopatógeno Botrytis cinerea. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
CYANOBACTERIA, ALELOS, HONGOS FITOPATOGENOS, BOTRYTIS, CONTROL DE PLAGAS, PEST CONTROL, ALLELES