Las clases de educación física y el reforzamiento de los rasgos de identidad de género en las niñas y los niños de II ciclo de enseñanza primaria
Fecha
2010
Autores
Solís Bastos, Laura
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En esta investigación se propuso como objetivo general “Analizar el modo de reforzamiento de los rasgos de la identidad masculina y femenina en los niños y niñas de II Ciclo de Enseñanza Primaria dentro de las Clases de Educación Física”. Por lo cual se seleccionaron dos Escuelas ubicadas en la provincia de Heredia, La Escuela Joaquín Lizano y la Escuela Arturo Morales, dentro de la población seleccionada se contó con la participación de 21 niñas y 30 niños de cuarto grado, así como de la docente y el docente de Educación Física de ambas escuelas. Para alcanzar este objetivo se identificaron las siguientes dimensiones de análisis: Simbólica, Conceptos normativos y Formas sociales de organización e institucionalización, Identidad subjetiva y Subjetividad Corporal. Para llevar a cabo el análisis de estas dimensiones, de acuerdo a las variables e indicadores planteados de acuerdo al tema, se planteó aplicar las siguientes técnicas para la recolección de información: observación de las clases de Educación Física, entrevista a cada docente y taller participativo con los niños y las niñas. Mediante la aplicación de dichos instrumentos, fue posible identificar que las normas, valores y costumbres impuestas por el sistema patriarcal siguen predominando dentro del sistema educativo costarricense, lo cual incide de forma directa e indirecta sobre las clases de Educación Física y además en las relaciones sociales que se generan dentro de las mismas; existen formas de reforzamiento y reproducción de estereotipos y roles de género, por medio de la práctica de actividades físicas y deportivas que se ejecutan cotidianamente; y finalmente cabe recalcar que el proceso que conlleva a la construcción de la identidad de cada género, incide de forma directa en la constitución de la XII subjetividad femenina y masculina, ya que la identidad subjetiva de hombres y mujeres es constituida socialmente
The general objective of this research was “To analyze the way in which the traits of masculine and feminine identity are reinforced in boys and girls of the second cycle of primary education in physical education classes”. Therefore, two schools located in the province of Heredia were selected: Joaquín Lizano School and Arturo Morales School. The selected population included the participation of 21 girls and 30 boys of fourth grade, as well as the Physical Education teacher of both schools. To achieve this objective, the following dimensions of analysis were identified: Symbolic, Normative Concepts and Social Forms of organization and institutionalization, Subjective Identity and Corporal Subjectivity. In order to carry out the analysis of these dimensions, according to the variables and indicators proposed according to the topic, the following techniques were proposed for the collection of information: observation of Physical Education classes, interview with each teacher and participatory workshop with the children. Through the application of these instruments, it was possible to identify that the norms, values and customs imposed by the patriarchal system continue to predominate within the Costa Rican educational system, which has a direct and indirect impact on Physical Education classes and also on the social relations generated within them; there are ways of reinforcing and reinforcing the norms, values and customs imposed by the patriarchal system.
The general objective of this research was “To analyze the way in which the traits of masculine and feminine identity are reinforced in boys and girls of the second cycle of primary education in physical education classes”. Therefore, two schools located in the province of Heredia were selected: Joaquín Lizano School and Arturo Morales School. The selected population included the participation of 21 girls and 30 boys of fourth grade, as well as the Physical Education teacher of both schools. To achieve this objective, the following dimensions of analysis were identified: Symbolic, Normative Concepts and Social Forms of organization and institutionalization, Subjective Identity and Corporal Subjectivity. In order to carry out the analysis of these dimensions, according to the variables and indicators proposed according to the topic, the following techniques were proposed for the collection of information: observation of Physical Education classes, interview with each teacher and participatory workshop with the children. Through the application of these instruments, it was possible to identify that the norms, values and customs imposed by the patriarchal system continue to predominate within the Costa Rican educational system, which has a direct and indirect impact on Physical Education classes and also on the social relations generated within them; there are ways of reinforcing and reinforcing the norms, values and customs imposed by the patriarchal system.
Descripción
Palabras clave
EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA, IDENTIDAD DE GÉNERO, ENSEÑANZA PRIMARIA, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, GENDER IDENTITY, ELEMENTARY EDUCATION