Primer reporte de parásitos gastrointestinales en Jirafas (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) de cautiverio, Guanacaste, Costa Rica.
Fecha
2018
Autores
Palacios Quirós, Esteban
Pivovarova, Tania
Jiménez Rocha, Ana Eugenia
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La jirafa (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata), es una especie de ungulado poligástrico, originario del
continente africano cuyas poblaciones en cautiverio han aumentado de manera exponencial. Las enfermedades
parasitarias se catalogan como una de las principales causas de mortalidad en esta especie. El objetivo del
presente trabajo fue determinar las especies y géneros de parásitos gastrointestinales (PGI) en jirafas de
cautiverio en Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Se analizó en total 37 muestras de heces de 10 jirafas procedentes de
un centro turístico, las cuales se recolectaron de enero a mayo del 2017 en cuatro muestreos, excepto a una
de ellas, nacida durante el estudio. El muestreo se realizó al momento de la defecación. Las heces fueron
transportadas en frío a una temperatura de ≈4 o
C, y remitidas al Laboratorio de Parasitología de la Escuela de
Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional. Las muestras fueron procesadas por técnicas coprológicas
(Sheather y sedimentación) para determinar la presencia de huevos de nematodos, trematodos y cestodos;
inmunológicas (FasTest® Crypto-Giardia Strip), para detectar parásitos zoonóticos como Cryptosporidium
parvum y Giardia duodenalis; McMaster para determinar la carga parasitaria (huevos por gramos de heces=
HPG) del grupo Strongylida y el coprocultivo para determinar el porcentaje de larvas infectantes (L3). El 100
% de las jirafas analizadas fueron positivas a PGI, teniendo toda la población parásitos del grupo Strongylida.
Las L3 identificadas correspondieron a 100 % Haemonchus spp., 10 % Cooperia spp. y 20 % Strongyloides
papillosus. No se encontraron PGI zoonóticos. El rango de HPG fluctuó de < 50 a 625. El porcentaje de
larvas infectantes del grupo Strongylida identificadas por coprocultivo fue 100 % (10/10) de Haemonchus
spp. y 10 % (1/10) de Cooperia spp. Únicamente una jirafa tuvo infección mixta por Haemonchus y Cooperia.
Este estudio representa el primer reporte de la presencia de PGI en jirafas de Costa Rica, y es el primero que
identifica Cooperia spp. y Strongyloides papillosus en el nivel mundial.
The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata), is a species of polygastric ungulate, originating from the African continent whose populations in captivity have increased at exponential rate. Parasitic diseases are classified as one of the main causes of mortality in this species. The objective of this work was to determine the species and / or genera of gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) in captive giraffes in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. A total of 37 fecal samples from 10 giraffes from a tourist center were analyzed. The samples were collected from January to May 2017 in four samples, except one of them which was born during the study. Sampling was done at the time of defecation. The feces were transported at a temperature of ≈4° C, and sent to the Parasitology Laboratory at the School of Veterinary Medicine of the National University. The samples were processed by coprological techniques (Sheather and sedimentation) to determine the presence of nematode, trematode and cestode eggs; immunological (FasTest® Crypto-Giardia Strip), to detect zoonotic parasites such as Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis; McMaster to determine the parasitic load (eggs per gram of feces = FEC) of the Strongylida group and the coproculture to determine the percentage of infective larvae (L3). 100 % of the giraffes analyzed were positive for GIP, the whole population has parasites of the Strongylida group. The L3 identified corresponded to 100 % Haemonchus spp., 10 % Cooperia spp. and 20 % Strongyloides papillosus. No zoonotic GIP were found. The range of FEC was from <50 to 625. The percentage of infective larvae of the Strongylida group identified by stool culture was 100 % (10/10) of Haemonchus spp. and 10 % (1/10) of Cooperia spp. Only one giraffe had mixed infection by Haemonchus and Cooperia. This study represents the first report of the presence of GIP in Costa Rican giraffes, and is the first to identify Cooperia spp. and Strongyloides papillosus worldwide.
The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata), is a species of polygastric ungulate, originating from the African continent whose populations in captivity have increased at exponential rate. Parasitic diseases are classified as one of the main causes of mortality in this species. The objective of this work was to determine the species and / or genera of gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) in captive giraffes in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. A total of 37 fecal samples from 10 giraffes from a tourist center were analyzed. The samples were collected from January to May 2017 in four samples, except one of them which was born during the study. Sampling was done at the time of defecation. The feces were transported at a temperature of ≈4° C, and sent to the Parasitology Laboratory at the School of Veterinary Medicine of the National University. The samples were processed by coprological techniques (Sheather and sedimentation) to determine the presence of nematode, trematode and cestode eggs; immunological (FasTest® Crypto-Giardia Strip), to detect zoonotic parasites such as Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis; McMaster to determine the parasitic load (eggs per gram of feces = FEC) of the Strongylida group and the coproculture to determine the percentage of infective larvae (L3). 100 % of the giraffes analyzed were positive for GIP, the whole population has parasites of the Strongylida group. The L3 identified corresponded to 100 % Haemonchus spp., 10 % Cooperia spp. and 20 % Strongyloides papillosus. No zoonotic GIP were found. The range of FEC was from <50 to 625. The percentage of infective larvae of the Strongylida group identified by stool culture was 100 % (10/10) of Haemonchus spp. and 10 % (1/10) of Cooperia spp. Only one giraffe had mixed infection by Haemonchus and Cooperia. This study represents the first report of the presence of GIP in Costa Rican giraffes, and is the first to identify Cooperia spp. and Strongyloides papillosus worldwide.
Descripción
Palabras clave
PARASITOLOGÍA VETERINARIA, ENFERMEDADES GASTROINTESTINALES, GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES, PARÁSITOS, PARASITES, COSTA RICA, JIRAFAS, GIRAFLE