Implementación y validación de una metodología para la determinación de Al, As, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Sn, Ag, B y Ba en agua residual y potable mediante la técnica ICP-OES en el Departamento de Ciencias Forenses del Organismo de Investigación Judicial
Archivos
Fecha
2014-06
Autores
Rojas Alfaro, Carolina
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Se implementó y se validó una metodología para la determinación de metales pesados disueltos en agua residual y potable por espectrometría de emisión óptica con fuente de plasma de acoplamiento inductivo (ICP-OES), con el propósito de proporcionar una herramienta analítica a la Unidad Ambiental del Departamento de Ciencias Forenses del Organismo de Investigación Judicial para la atención de casos derivados de las denuncias por contaminación de cuerpos de agua.
El método establecido incluye el análisis simultáneo de doce elementos de interés en la evaluación de la calidad del agua como lo son el Al, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, Ag, Sn. B y Ba, empleando itrio como estándar interno.
Se evaluaron los parámetros que miden el desempeño del método analítico para la cuantificación de los metales disueltos, iniciando con la corroboración de la linealidad de las curvas de calibración en el intervalo de 0,01 mg/L a 20 mg/L para los doce analitos, con límites de detección y cuantificación adecuados para el monitoreo ambiental del Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni, Ba, B, Ag y Sn en agua potable y residual. Para la determinación de Al, As, Pb y Cd los límites de cuantificación son superiores a los niveles máximos permisibles en agua potable, lo cual limita el alcance de la metodología para la determinación cuantitativa en dicha matriz, a muy bajas concentraciones, con un nivel aceptable de veracidad y precisión.
La exactitud de la metodología es satisfactoria para los niveles de concentración típicos en muestras reales, lo cual se evaluó mediante el análisis de blancos enriquecidos, muestras derivadas de estudios interlaboratoriales y muestras reales de agua potable y residual. Para la evaluación de todos los parámetros de desempeño se plantea una longitud de onda principal y dos longitudes de onda complementarias para la valoración de interferentes espectrales. A su vez, se evaluó el efecto de la presencia de posibles interferentes reportados para cada analito, encontrándose que el hierro, manganeso y molibdeno deben ser monitoreados en las muestras analizadas en la rutina del laboratorio ya que dependiendo de su concentración y la concentración del analito, podría afectar la cuantificación con certeza de algunos de los elementos de interés, especialmente para el aluminio, plata, boro, bario y estaño.
Se demostró que las muestras son estables por al menos cuatro meses después de la fecha de preparación, descartándose la adsorción de los metales en los tubos de polipropileno acondicionados, utilizados para contenerlas.
A methodology for the determination of heavy metals dissolved in wastewater and drinking water by optical emission spectrometry with an inductively coupled plasma source (ICP-OES) was implemented and validated, with the purpose of providing an analytical tool to the Environmental Unit of the Department of Forensic Sciences of the Judicial Investigation Agency for the attention of cases derived from complaints about contamination of bodies of water. The established method includes the simultaneous analysis of twelve elements of interest in the evaluation of water quality such as Al, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, Ag, Sn. B and Ba, using yttrium as internal standard. The parameters that measure the performance of the analytical method for the quantification of dissolved metals were evaluated, beginning with the corroboration of the linearity of the calibration curves in the range of 0.01 mg/L to 20 mg/L for the twelve analytes. , with adequate detection and quantification limits for environmental monitoring of Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni, Ba, B, Ag and Sn in drinking and wastewater. For the determination of Al, As, Pb and Cd, the quantification limits are higher than the maximum permissible levels in drinking water, which limits the scope of the methodology for the quantitative determination in said matrix, at very low concentrations, with a level acceptable accuracy and truthfulness. The accuracy of the methodology is satisfactory for typical concentration levels in real samples, which was evaluated by analyzing spiked blanks, samples derived from interlaboratory studies, and real samples of drinking and wastewater. For the evaluation of all the performance parameters, a main wavelength and two complementary wavelengths are proposed for the assessment of spectral interferers. In turn, the effect of the presence of possible interferents reported for each analyte was evaluated, finding that iron, manganese and molybdenum must be monitored in the samples analyzed in the laboratory routine, since depending on their concentration and the concentration of the analyte , could affect the quantification with certainty of some of the elements of interest, especially for aluminum, silver, boron, barium and tin. It was shown that the samples are stable for at least four months after the date of preparation, ruling out the adsorption of metals in the conditioned polypropylene tubes used to contain them.
A methodology for the determination of heavy metals dissolved in wastewater and drinking water by optical emission spectrometry with an inductively coupled plasma source (ICP-OES) was implemented and validated, with the purpose of providing an analytical tool to the Environmental Unit of the Department of Forensic Sciences of the Judicial Investigation Agency for the attention of cases derived from complaints about contamination of bodies of water. The established method includes the simultaneous analysis of twelve elements of interest in the evaluation of water quality such as Al, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, Ag, Sn. B and Ba, using yttrium as internal standard. The parameters that measure the performance of the analytical method for the quantification of dissolved metals were evaluated, beginning with the corroboration of the linearity of the calibration curves in the range of 0.01 mg/L to 20 mg/L for the twelve analytes. , with adequate detection and quantification limits for environmental monitoring of Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni, Ba, B, Ag and Sn in drinking and wastewater. For the determination of Al, As, Pb and Cd, the quantification limits are higher than the maximum permissible levels in drinking water, which limits the scope of the methodology for the quantitative determination in said matrix, at very low concentrations, with a level acceptable accuracy and truthfulness. The accuracy of the methodology is satisfactory for typical concentration levels in real samples, which was evaluated by analyzing spiked blanks, samples derived from interlaboratory studies, and real samples of drinking and wastewater. For the evaluation of all the performance parameters, a main wavelength and two complementary wavelengths are proposed for the assessment of spectral interferers. In turn, the effect of the presence of possible interferents reported for each analyte was evaluated, finding that iron, manganese and molybdenum must be monitored in the samples analyzed in the laboratory routine, since depending on their concentration and the concentration of the analyte , could affect the quantification with certainty of some of the elements of interest, especially for aluminum, silver, boron, barium and tin. It was shown that the samples are stable for at least four months after the date of preparation, ruling out the adsorption of metals in the conditioned polypropylene tubes used to contain them.
Descripción
Rojas Alfaro, C. (2014). Implementación y validación de una metodología para la determinación de Al, As, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Sn, Ag, B y Ba en agua residual y potable mediante la técnica ICP-OES en el Departamento de Ciencias Forenses del Organismo de Investigación Judicial. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
METALES, METALS, ESPECTROMETRIA, SPECTROMETRY, ANALISIS QUIMICO, AGUA, CALIDAD DEL AGUA