Análisis Ecológico De Los Arrecifes Rocosos De La Reserva Natural Absoluta Cabo Blanco En Costa Rica, Como Base Para Recomendaciones De Manejo
Fecha
2021
Autores
Jiménez Solera, Andrés
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
La Reserva Natural Absoluta Cabo Blanco se localiza en el extremo sur de la Península de Nicoya, Costa Rica. Es la única área protegida del país bajo la categoría de protección absoluta en su área marina, restringiendo incluso el buceo recreativo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el estado de conservación de las comunidades ecológicas de los arrecifes rocosos de la Reserva Natural Absoluta Cabo Blanco comparándolo con otras áreas cercanas con el fin de identificar el estado de salud del ecosistema y así proponer acciones de manejo que permitan mejorar la protección del ecosistema. Se utilizó la metodología del PRONAMEC para Formaciones Coralinas el cual se modificó para ajustarlo a arrecifes rocosos. Se realizaron muestreos a dos profundidades: somero (-5 m) y profundo (-20 m) tanto en la Reserva Cabo Blanco como en la Isla Tortuga la cual es un sitio sin protección por parte del SINAC, y en el bajo Tortilla que es sitio utilizado para el buceo y pesca, ubicado frente a las costas de la comunidad de Malpaís cerca de la Reserva Cabo Blanco el cual se consideró como un sitio sombrilla. En la Reserva Cabo Blanco se registraron 43 especies de macroinvertebrados dominadas por suspensívoros y filtradores especialmente ascidias y octocorales; y 47 especies de vertebrados dominado por especies macroinvertívoras como cirujanos y loros; la mayor riqueza de peces piscívoros fue registrada en la Reserva Cabo Blanco; donde la biomasa obtenida fue de 9,28 ton.ha-1 ; la abundancia de la especie jurel ojón (Caranx sexfaciatus) aumentó considerablemente en los aportes de biomasa. El índice de salud del arrecife para la Reserva Cabo Blanco fue positivo (0,40), pero por debajo de los obtenidos en el PN Cabo Pulmo e Islas Marías en el pacífico mexicano. Por los aportes de biomasa, abundancia y talla de especies de interés como erizos y vertebrados piscívoros, y el valor del índice de salud, se considera saludable el arrecife de la Reserva Cabo Blanco. Se recomienda el monitoreo anual de los sitios estudiados, así como mejoras las acciones de control y protección del arrecife para mantener las condiciones actuales del área protegida.
The Cabo Blanco Absolute Natural Reserve is located in the extreme south of the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. It is the only protected area in the country under the category of absolute protection in its marine area, even restricting recreational diving. The objective of this research was to evaluate the state of conservation of the ecological communities of the rocky reefs of the Cabo Blanco Absolute Natural Reserve, comparing it with other nearby areas in order to identify the state of health of the ecosystem and thus propose management actions that allow improve ecosystem protection. The PRONAMEC methodology for Coral Formations was used, which was modified to adjust it to rocky reefs. Sampling was carried out at two depths: shallow (-5 m) and deep (-20 m) both in the Cabo Blanco Reserve and on Isla Tortuga, which is a site without protection by SINAC, and in the lower Tortilla, which is site used for diving and fishing, located off the coast of the Malpaís community near the Cabo Blanco Reserve, which was considered an umbrella site. In the Cabo Blanco Reserve, 43 species of macroinvertebrates were recorded, dominated by suspension feeders and filter feeders, especially sea squirts and octocorals; and 47 species of vertebrates dominated by macroinvertivorous species such as surgeons and parrots; the greatest wealth of piscivorous fish was recorded in the Cabo Blanco Reserve; where the biomass obtained was 9.28 ton.ha-1; the abundance of the species bigeye horse mackerel (Caranx sexfaciatus) increased considerably in the biomass contributions. The reef health index for the Cabo Blanco Reserve was positive (0.40), but below those obtained in the Cabo Pulmo NP and Islas Marías in the Mexican Pacific. Due to the contributions of biomass, abundance and size of species of interest such as sea urchins and piscivorous vertebrates, and the value of the health index, the reef of the Cabo Blanco Reserve is considered healthy. Annual monitoring of the sites studied is recommended, as well as improvements in reef control and protection actions to maintain the current conditions of the protected area.
The Cabo Blanco Absolute Natural Reserve is located in the extreme south of the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. It is the only protected area in the country under the category of absolute protection in its marine area, even restricting recreational diving. The objective of this research was to evaluate the state of conservation of the ecological communities of the rocky reefs of the Cabo Blanco Absolute Natural Reserve, comparing it with other nearby areas in order to identify the state of health of the ecosystem and thus propose management actions that allow improve ecosystem protection. The PRONAMEC methodology for Coral Formations was used, which was modified to adjust it to rocky reefs. Sampling was carried out at two depths: shallow (-5 m) and deep (-20 m) both in the Cabo Blanco Reserve and on Isla Tortuga, which is a site without protection by SINAC, and in the lower Tortilla, which is site used for diving and fishing, located off the coast of the Malpaís community near the Cabo Blanco Reserve, which was considered an umbrella site. In the Cabo Blanco Reserve, 43 species of macroinvertebrates were recorded, dominated by suspension feeders and filter feeders, especially sea squirts and octocorals; and 47 species of vertebrates dominated by macroinvertivorous species such as surgeons and parrots; the greatest wealth of piscivorous fish was recorded in the Cabo Blanco Reserve; where the biomass obtained was 9.28 ton.ha-1; the abundance of the species bigeye horse mackerel (Caranx sexfaciatus) increased considerably in the biomass contributions. The reef health index for the Cabo Blanco Reserve was positive (0.40), but below those obtained in the Cabo Pulmo NP and Islas Marías in the Mexican Pacific. Due to the contributions of biomass, abundance and size of species of interest such as sea urchins and piscivorous vertebrates, and the value of the health index, the reef of the Cabo Blanco Reserve is considered healthy. Annual monitoring of the sites studied is recommended, as well as improvements in reef control and protection actions to maintain the current conditions of the protected area.
Descripción
Jiménez Solera, A. (2021). Análisis Ecológico De Los Arrecifes Rocosos De La Reserva Natural Absoluta Cabo Blanco En Costa Rica, Como Base Para Recomendaciones De Manejo. [Tesis de Maestría]. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
RESERVA NATURAL CABO BLANCO (COSTA RICA), ARRECIFES, MONITOREO BIOLÓGICO, PRONAMEC, MANEJO AMBIENTAL, CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES, REEFS, AREAS PROTEGIDAS, PROTECTION AREAS