Adaptación autónoma a eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos: estudio de caso sobre la convivencia de un territorio indígena con el riesgo climático en la cuenca del río Sixaola, Costa Rica
Fecha
2016-12
Autores
Montero Sánchez, Esteban
Araya Rojas, Adelson
Granados Rojas, Leonardo
Rueda Araya, Daniel
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La adaptación autónoma se refiere a las medidas tomadas por una población específica, como una respuesta autogestionada a un estímulo climático adverso. La ausencia de ayudas gubernamentales o inversiones de gran magnitud determinan el carácter de escala local de las iniciativas. Este tipo de adaptación se basa frecuentemente en el conocimiento tradicional y la observación del clima. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar cómo la convivencia continua con elementos de riesgo ante eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos estimuló la adopción de medidas para la adaptación y aumento de la resiliencia en una comunidad indígena dedicada a la agricultura, en la cuenca del río Sixaola, Costa Rica. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa etnográfica que parte de la búsqueda de registros en bases de datos y otras fuentes secundarias para desarrollar observaciones participantes, dos grupos focales de discusión y un taller. Se encontró que las mujeres productoras de cacao con las que se trabajó y sus familias tomaron medidas como la diversificación de cultivos, asociatividad, traslado de fincas a zonas de menor riesgo y organización comunitaria, medidas que fueron tomadas por las poblaciones sin apoyo gubernamental. Esta experiencia aporta insumos y lecciones aprendidas relevantes en la discusión actual sobre la necesidad de adaptar y mejorar la resiliencia de sistemas productivos en territorios rurales.
Autonomous adaptation refers to the measures taken by a specific population as a self-managed response to an adverse climate event. The absence of government help or large-scale investments determines the local-scale nature of those initiatives. Observation and traditional knowledge are the basis of this kind of adaptation measures. In this text, we analyzed the process that led the indigenous community, dedicated to agriculture in Sixaola River’s Basin, to take actions for increasing their resilience and adaptation to continuous extreme climate events. A qualitative ethnographic method was used on the basis of a record research on databases and other secondary sources to develop participatory observations, two discussion groups, and a workshop. It was found that women producers of cocoa and their families took measures such as crops diversification, farmer’s associations, community organizations, and village relocation without governmental support. This case offers inputs and lessons learned relevant to the current topic, the adaptation and resilience measures in rural territories.
Autonomous adaptation refers to the measures taken by a specific population as a self-managed response to an adverse climate event. The absence of government help or large-scale investments determines the local-scale nature of those initiatives. Observation and traditional knowledge are the basis of this kind of adaptation measures. In this text, we analyzed the process that led the indigenous community, dedicated to agriculture in Sixaola River’s Basin, to take actions for increasing their resilience and adaptation to continuous extreme climate events. A qualitative ethnographic method was used on the basis of a record research on databases and other secondary sources to develop participatory observations, two discussion groups, and a workshop. It was found that women producers of cocoa and their families took measures such as crops diversification, farmer’s associations, community organizations, and village relocation without governmental support. This case offers inputs and lessons learned relevant to the current topic, the adaptation and resilience measures in rural territories.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ADAPTACIÓN SOCIAL, AGRICULTURA, CLIMA, COSTA RICA, INDÍGENAS, SOCIAL ADAPTATION, AGRICULTURE, CLIMATE, INDIGENOUS