Determinación de la factibilidad de la producción de tilapia como alternativa productiva para una pequeña empresa rural del cantón de Corredores, con énfasis en la evaluación financiera
Fecha
2011
Autores
Varela Guzmán, Marvin
Zamora Ugalde, Mario
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este documento contiene una investigación que establece la factibilidad desde el punto de vista financiero del establecimiento de una pequeña empresa que cultive y comercialice carne de Tilapia del Nilo (Oreochromis Niloticus) en el Cantón de Corredores. El producto final, debidamente empacado, serían dos pescados enteros y eviscerados sin congelar pero sí bajo las condiciones adecuadas de conservación. Evitar la congelación del producto viene a ser una ventaja competitiva frente al principal oferente del producto ya que éste lo tiene que congelar debido a la gran distancia que debe recorrer para colocar el producto en Ciudad Neily. El sabor es una de las características más afectada por el congelamiento y es precisamente este aspecto lo que se pretende evitar con la existencia de un centro de producción cerca del mercado meta; además, se ofrecería un producto mucho más fresco. En el desarrollo del documento se abarcan temas como la identificación del proyecto y determinación de las características de la zona de influencia así como se incluye el conjunto de estudios que conforman el Estudio de Factibilidad a saber:
1. Estudio de Mercado: En este apartado se identifica con más detalle las condiciones que presenta el Cantón de Corredores desde el punto de vista de desarrollo económico y demografía. Además, se define el producto y sus principales características y necesidades de conservación. Se determina la oferta y la demanda, se determina el precio de venta, se incluye un análisis FODA del proyecto y se identifican los canales de comercialización y distribución.
2. En el Estudio Técnico se establece la ubicación, tamaño e infraestructura necesarios para el proyecto; se determina la especie más adecuada para la explotación en la zona y se desarrolla el tema de las necesidades alimentarias de la especie y las mejores formas de alimentación y producción.
3. El Estudio Organizacional y Administrativo se basa en torno a una pequeña empresa familiar por lo que su desarrollo no es particularmente extenso y contiene recomendaciones sobre la necesidades de realizar las aportaciones al sistema de seguridad social nacional de modo que se contribuya al sistema y se acceda a sus beneficios de la forma más adecuada, también resulta necesario el acceso a capacitación técnica que permita el manejo adecuado del proyecto.
4. El Estudio Legal contiene información necesaria para realizar los trámites de inscripción como contribuyente ante la Dirección General de Tributación Directa, así como el listado de permisos y su procedimiento de obtención para el funcionamiento a derecho del proyecto.
5. En el Estudio Económico – Financiero se desarrolla ampliamente el análisis del proyecto considerando todos los costos e insumos necesarios para su operación según la estructura propuesta. Se determina la inversión inicial necesaria para el establecimiento del proyecto incluyendo dos propuestas de financiamiento.
6. También en este estudio se presentan todos los presupuestos y flujos de caja relacionados y el respectivo análisis técnico del Valor Actual Neto y la Tasa Interna de Retorno.
7. Por último se incluyen las conclusiones y recomendaciones obtenidas del proceso de investigación.
This document contains an investigation that establishes the financial feasibility of establishing a small business to grow and market Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) meat in the Corredores Canton. The final product, properly packaged, would be two whole and eviscerated fish without freezing but under the proper conditions of conservation. Avoiding the freezing of the product is a competitive advantage over the main supplier of the product because the latter has to freeze it due to the long distance it has to travel to place the product in Ciudad Neily. Flavor is one of the characteristics most affected by freezing and it is precisely this aspect that the existence of a production center near the target market is intended to avoid; in addition, a much fresher product would be offered. The document covers topics such as the identification of the project and determination of the characteristics of the area of influence, as well as the set of studies that make up the Feasibility Study: 1. Market Study: This section identifies in more detail the conditions of the Canton of Corredores from the point of view of economic development and demographics. In addition, the product and its main characteristics and conservation needs are defined. Supply and demand are determined, the selling price is determined, a SWOT analysis of the project is included, and marketing and distribution channels are identified. 2. The Technical Study establishes the location, size and infrastructure required for the project; the most suitable species for exploitation in the area is determined and the food needs of the species and the best ways of feeding and production are developed. 3. The Organizational and Administrative Study is based on a small family business, so its development is not particularly extensive and contains recommendations on the need to make contributions to the national social security system in order to contribute to the system and access its benefits in the most appropriate way; it is also necessary to have access to technical training that allows the proper management of the project. 4. The Legal Study contains the necessary information to carry out the registration procedures as a taxpayer before the Dirección General de Tributación Directa, as well as the list of permits and the procedure to obtain them for the operation of the project. 5. In the Economic-Financial Study the analysis of the project is extensively developed considering all the costs and inputs necessary for its operation according to the proposed structure. The initial investment necessary for the establishment of the project is determined, including two financing proposals. 6. This study also presents all the related budgets and cash flows and the respective technical analysis of the Net Present Value and the Internal Rate of Return. 7. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations obtained from the research process are included.
This document contains an investigation that establishes the financial feasibility of establishing a small business to grow and market Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) meat in the Corredores Canton. The final product, properly packaged, would be two whole and eviscerated fish without freezing but under the proper conditions of conservation. Avoiding the freezing of the product is a competitive advantage over the main supplier of the product because the latter has to freeze it due to the long distance it has to travel to place the product in Ciudad Neily. Flavor is one of the characteristics most affected by freezing and it is precisely this aspect that the existence of a production center near the target market is intended to avoid; in addition, a much fresher product would be offered. The document covers topics such as the identification of the project and determination of the characteristics of the area of influence, as well as the set of studies that make up the Feasibility Study: 1. Market Study: This section identifies in more detail the conditions of the Canton of Corredores from the point of view of economic development and demographics. In addition, the product and its main characteristics and conservation needs are defined. Supply and demand are determined, the selling price is determined, a SWOT analysis of the project is included, and marketing and distribution channels are identified. 2. The Technical Study establishes the location, size and infrastructure required for the project; the most suitable species for exploitation in the area is determined and the food needs of the species and the best ways of feeding and production are developed. 3. The Organizational and Administrative Study is based on a small family business, so its development is not particularly extensive and contains recommendations on the need to make contributions to the national social security system in order to contribute to the system and access its benefits in the most appropriate way; it is also necessary to have access to technical training that allows the proper management of the project. 4. The Legal Study contains the necessary information to carry out the registration procedures as a taxpayer before the Dirección General de Tributación Directa, as well as the list of permits and the procedure to obtain them for the operation of the project. 5. In the Economic-Financial Study the analysis of the project is extensively developed considering all the costs and inputs necessary for its operation according to the proposed structure. The initial investment necessary for the establishment of the project is determined, including two financing proposals. 6. This study also presents all the related budgets and cash flows and the respective technical analysis of the Net Present Value and the Internal Rate of Return. 7. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations obtained from the research process are included.
Descripción
Trabajo Final de Graduación sometido a consideración del Tribunal Examinador para optar por el grado de Licenciatura en Administración de Empresas con Énfasis en Gestión Financiera.
Palabras clave
PYMES, PEQUEÑAS EMPRESAS, PRODUCCION, TILAPIA, ADMINISTRACION DE EMPRESAS, CORREDORES (PUNTARENAS), SMES, SMALL BUSINESSES, PRODUCTION, BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION