Comunidad de peces arrecifales: posibles afectaciones del cambio climático
Fecha
2021
Autores
Lopez Rios, Humberto
Piedra Castro, Lilliana María
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Editor
Environment & Technology Foundation (Colombia)
Resumen
Las comunidades ícticas de los sistemas arrecifales están siendo presionadas como consecuencia del cambio climático sobre los ecosistemas marinos, especialmente por el aumento de la temperatura, la acidificación y la proliferación de algas. Así como por factores antrópicos que actúan de forma sinérgica. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el impacto de las afectaciones del cambio climático sobre la comunidad de peces en el Caribe Sur de Costa Rica. Se realizaron 21 inmersiones en el Parque Nacional de Cahuita, donde se efectuaron 42 video transectos a tres profundidades en los parches arrecifales. Se encontraron 90 especies de peces en total. En la profundidad de 1 m se reportan 50 especies, a 6 m de profundidad se reportan 63 y a 10 m de profundidad, 48 especies. Algunas especies más vulnerables sufrirán procesos de migración como consecuencia de la tolerancia a la temperatura, buscando aguas más frías hacia el hemisferio norte o sur mientras que otras menos tolerantes podrían desaparecer. Algunos peces que se alimentan específicamente de corales, pueden verse afectados porque se han reportado afectaciones de las comunidades arrecifales. Estos procesos son complejos y podrían cambiar la estructura y composición de las comunidades de peces a corto o a largo plazo. Se concluye que la comunidad íctica del arrecife es vulnerable a las presiones ejercidas por el cambio climático, y puede tender a simplificarse en respuesta a la adaptación a estos cambios.
Fish communities in reef systems are being pressured as a result of climate change on marine ecosystems, especially from rising temperatures, acidification and algal blooms. As well as by anthropic factors that act synergistically. The objective of this work is to analyze the impact of the climate change effects on the fish community in the Southern Caribbean of Costa Rica. Twenty-one dives were made in the Cahuita National Park, where 42 video-transects were made at three depths in the reef patches. A total of 90 species of fish were found. In the depth of 1 meter 50 species are reported, at 6 meters deep 63 are reported and at 10 meters depth, 48 species. Some vulnerable species will undergo migration processes as a result of temperature tolerance, looking for colder waters towards the northern or southern hemisphere while others less tolerant could disappear. Some fish that feed specifically on corals may be affected because the reef communities have been affected. These processes are complex and could change the structure and composition of fish communities in the short or long term. It concludes that the reef fish community is vulnerable to the pressures exerted by climate change, and may tend to be simplified in response to adaptation to these changes.
Fish communities in reef systems are being pressured as a result of climate change on marine ecosystems, especially from rising temperatures, acidification and algal blooms. As well as by anthropic factors that act synergistically. The objective of this work is to analyze the impact of the climate change effects on the fish community in the Southern Caribbean of Costa Rica. Twenty-one dives were made in the Cahuita National Park, where 42 video-transects were made at three depths in the reef patches. A total of 90 species of fish were found. In the depth of 1 meter 50 species are reported, at 6 meters deep 63 are reported and at 10 meters depth, 48 species. Some vulnerable species will undergo migration processes as a result of temperature tolerance, looking for colder waters towards the northern or southern hemisphere while others less tolerant could disappear. Some fish that feed specifically on corals may be affected because the reef communities have been affected. These processes are complex and could change the structure and composition of fish communities in the short or long term. It concludes that the reef fish community is vulnerable to the pressures exerted by climate change, and may tend to be simplified in response to adaptation to these changes.
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Palabras clave
ICTIOFAUNA, CAHUITA, CLIMATE CHANGE, CARIBBEAN, ARRECIFES, PARQUE NACIONAL CAHUITA (COSTA RICA), PECES, CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO, ECOSISTEMAS, CARIBE