Lineamientos para la política pública del sector transporte: un análisis de los determinantes de la demanda de transporte público y los efectos ambientales en la Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica
Fecha
2020-09
Autores
Agüero Araujo, Geannine
Suárez Espinoza, Kerlyn
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los determinantes que inciden en la elección del modo de uso del transporte público y los efectos ambientales del sector transporte, para los lineamientos de política pública en la Gran Área Metropolitana, Costa Rica. Para lo cual se realizará una contextualización de la situación actual de la movilidad urbana en Cosa Rica, posteriormente se determinarán los factores que inciden en la elección del modo de transporte y sus efectos ambientales. Esto permitirá establecer lineamientos de política pública que favorezcan el uso del transporte público y con esto contribuir con mejorar las condiciones económicas, sociales y ambientales del área y del país. Es importante indicar que el desarrollo de esta investigación parte de la teoría del Desarrollo Sostenible, donde se busca un abordaje social, económico y ambiental que permita un análisis integral de la problemática planteada. Esto permite que las conclusiones y recomendaciones puedan impactar y mejorar las condiciones del desarrollo del país. El documento se compone de cinco capítulos. En el primer capítulo se definirá la formulación del problema y los objetivos de investigación, elementos que marcarán las pautas sobre las cuales se desarrolla el documento; por ello, se cubren elementos tales como los antecedentes, la justificación y las preguntas de investigación. En el capítulo dos, se desarrolla el marco teórico en el cual se encuentra la teoría en la que se enmarca la investigación, partiendo de temas como movilidad urbana donde se definen los conceptos y las teorías relacionadas con la regulación del transporte público y privado, la migración interna, los desplazamientos, la gobernabilidad y políticas públicas. Además, se
indica la teoría de la elección del modo de transporte partiendo de la teoría microeconómica del consumidor y los determinantes socioeconómicos, culturales y ambientales de la elección del modo de transporte. Se establecen las teorías y perspectivas en torno a las implicaciones ambientales, el transporte y sus efectos, la carbono neutralidad y las energías alternativas. El tercer capítulo tiene por objetivo cubrir la metodología de la investigación. Se abarcarán aspectos tales como el tipo de investigación y el enfoque abordado, el alcance, las hipótesis, el universo, las técnicas e instrumentos que fueron empleados para la recopilación de información primaria, así como también la matriz metodológica y finalmente el cronograma, el cual describe las fases en las que se desarrolló la investigación. Además, en el capítulo cuatro se visualiza la caracterización de los contenidos del marco teórico con la aplicabilidad en Costa Rica, abordando desde lo general hasta lo específico, iniciando con un análisis país y luego el caso del transporte público en GAM. En el capítulo cinco se realizará el análisis e interpretación de los resultados del modelo Logit que fue elaborados a partir de la información que fue recopilada para conocer en detalle el comportamiento de la movilidad en la GAM donde se podrán mostrar los factores de elección, las potencialidades y limitaciones asociadas. Por último, en el capítulo seis se encontrarán las conclusiones y recomendaciones, las cuáles se realizarán mediante un contraste sobre los aspectos teóricos y la realidad de lo que sucede en la movilidad costarricense y en la GAM.
The present research aims to analyze the determinants that influence in the choice of the mode of use of public transport and the environmental effects of the sector transportation, for public policy guidelines in the Greater Metropolitan Area, Costa Rica. For which a contextualization of the current situation of urban mobility will be carried out in Cosa Rica, later the factors that affect the choice of the mode of transportation and its environmental effects. This will allow the establishment of public policy guidelines that favor the use of public transport and thereby contribute to improving conditions economic, social and environmental of the area and the country. It is important to indicate that the development of this research is based on the theory of Sustainable Development, where a social, economic and environmental approach is sought that allows a comprehensive analysis of the problem raised. This allows the conclusions and recommendations can impact and improve the development conditions of the country. The document consists of five chapters. The first chapter will define the formulation of the problem and research objectives, elements that will set the guidelines on which the document is developed; therefore, elements such as background, rationale, and research questions. In chapter two, the theoretical framework in which the theory is found in the that the research is framed, starting from topics such as urban mobility where they are defined the concepts and theories related to the regulation of public and private transport, the internal migration, displacement, governance and public policies. Also I know indicates the theory of the choice of mode of transport based on microeconomic theory consumer and socioeconomic, cultural and environmental determinants of choice of the mode of transport. Theories and perspectives are established around the implications environmental, transport and its effects, carbon neutrality and alternative energies. The third chapter aims to cover the research methodology. Aspects such as the type of research and the approach addressed, the scope, the hypotheses, the universe, the techniques and instruments that were used for the collection of primary information will be covered, as well as the methodological matrix and finally the schedule, which describes the phases in which the investigation was developed. In addition, in chapter four the characterization of the contents of the theoretical framework with the applicability in Costa Rica is visualized, addressing from the general to the specific, starting with a country analysis and then the case of public transport in GAM. In chapter five the analysis and interpretation of the results of the Logit model will be carried out, which was elaborated from the information that was collected to know in detail the behavior of mobility in the GAM where the factors of choice, the potentialities and associated limitations. Finally, in chapter six the conclusions and recommendations will be found, which will be carried out by means of a contrast on the theoretical aspects and the reality of what happens in Costa Rican mobility and in the GAM.
The present research aims to analyze the determinants that influence in the choice of the mode of use of public transport and the environmental effects of the sector transportation, for public policy guidelines in the Greater Metropolitan Area, Costa Rica. For which a contextualization of the current situation of urban mobility will be carried out in Cosa Rica, later the factors that affect the choice of the mode of transportation and its environmental effects. This will allow the establishment of public policy guidelines that favor the use of public transport and thereby contribute to improving conditions economic, social and environmental of the area and the country. It is important to indicate that the development of this research is based on the theory of Sustainable Development, where a social, economic and environmental approach is sought that allows a comprehensive analysis of the problem raised. This allows the conclusions and recommendations can impact and improve the development conditions of the country. The document consists of five chapters. The first chapter will define the formulation of the problem and research objectives, elements that will set the guidelines on which the document is developed; therefore, elements such as background, rationale, and research questions. In chapter two, the theoretical framework in which the theory is found in the that the research is framed, starting from topics such as urban mobility where they are defined the concepts and theories related to the regulation of public and private transport, the internal migration, displacement, governance and public policies. Also I know indicates the theory of the choice of mode of transport based on microeconomic theory consumer and socioeconomic, cultural and environmental determinants of choice of the mode of transport. Theories and perspectives are established around the implications environmental, transport and its effects, carbon neutrality and alternative energies. The third chapter aims to cover the research methodology. Aspects such as the type of research and the approach addressed, the scope, the hypotheses, the universe, the techniques and instruments that were used for the collection of primary information will be covered, as well as the methodological matrix and finally the schedule, which describes the phases in which the investigation was developed. In addition, in chapter four the characterization of the contents of the theoretical framework with the applicability in Costa Rica is visualized, addressing from the general to the specific, starting with a country analysis and then the case of public transport in GAM. In chapter five the analysis and interpretation of the results of the Logit model will be carried out, which was elaborated from the information that was collected to know in detail the behavior of mobility in the GAM where the factors of choice, the potentialities and associated limitations. Finally, in chapter six the conclusions and recommendations will be found, which will be carried out by means of a contrast on the theoretical aspects and the reality of what happens in Costa Rican mobility and in the GAM.
Descripción
Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, ECONOMÍA, ECONOMY, TRANSPORTE TERRESTRE, GROUND TRANSPORTATION, MEDIO AMBIENTE, ENVIRONMENT, POLITICA AMBIENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY