Condicionantes externos e internos y su influencia en la ayuda oficial al desarrollo de Costa Rica: 1980-1990
Fecha
1996
Autores
Sánchez Orozco, Flor
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El trabajo de tesis que se presenta pretende contribuir al esclarecimiento de algunos aspectos de la Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo (AOD) que faciliten a futuro definir políticas de cooperación internacional, congruentes con los propósitos y enunciados de la AOD; además permiten valorar adecuadamente a nivel nacional los términos de la oferta de recursos de cooperación internacional que Costa Rica ha recibido y los que podrá disponer en los próximos años. Estos aspectos son necesarios para maximizar los esfuerzos internos y formular estrategias que posibiliten un más eficiente de los recursos externos para atender las necesidades nacionales del desarrollo. La AOD otorgada a Costa Rica durante el período 1980-90 se sitúa en un período histórico que obedeció a una crítica coyuntura económica-social y política en Centroamérica; donde intervinieron diversos actores nacionales, regionales y extrarregionales con diferentes objetivos, tanto políticos como económicos, los cuales condicionaron en gran medida el carácter y los alcances de la ayuda y por ende también sus efectos reales o deseados. Las iniciativas de cooperación que se impulsaron en los países centroamericanos estuvieron directamente relacionadas con acciones políticas regionales que fueron efectivas para apoyar los esfuerzos de pacificación en Centroamérica. A nivel económico, a pesar del incremento en el volumen de recursos otorgados, los efectos no fueron de la magnitud esperada. El análisis de la experiencia de la AOD en Costa Rica permite concluir: (1) a nivel internacional, la AOD fue una herramienta de los cooperantes para impulsar sus intereses políticos y económicos; (2) en el contexto regional de violencia y de crisis de las economías centroamericanas, el acceso a recursos externos y la presencia de otras fuentes de cooperación fue muy importante en la búsqueda de salidas políticas alternativas hacia la pacificación; (3) a nivel interno, la AOD fue una fuente importante de recursos para algunos sectores, pero sus efectos generales fueron limitados por la insuficiente articulación de las acciones en el marco de una política nacional y de mecanismos institucionales para orientar la gestión de los recursos externos.
The thesis presented here aims to contribute to the clarification of some aspects of Official Development Assistance (ODA) that will facilitate the future definition of international cooperation policies, consistent with the purposes and statements of ODA; it also allows an adequate assessment at the national level of the terms of the supply of international cooperation resources that Costa Rica has received and those that will be available in the coming years. These aspects are necessary to maximize internal efforts and formulate strategies that make possible a more efficient use of external resources to meet national development needs. The ODA granted to Costa Rica during the period 1980-90 is situated in a historical period that obeyed a critical economic, social and political situation in Central America; where various national, regional and extra-regional actors intervened with different objectives, both political and economic, which largely conditioned the nature and scope of the aid and therefore also its real or desired effects. The cooperation initiatives promoted in the Central American countries were directly related to regional political actions that were effective in supporting pacification efforts in Central America. At the economic level, despite the increase in the volume of resources granted, the effects were not of the expected magnitude. An analysis of the ODA experience in Costa Rica leads to the following conclusions: (1) at the international level, ODA was a tool of cooperating partners to promote their political and economic interests; (2) in the regional context of violence and crisis in Central American economies, access to external resources and the presence of other sources of cooperation was very important in the search for alternative political solutions to pacification; (3) at the domestic level, ODA was an important source of resources for some sectors, but its overall effects were limited by the insufficient articulation of actions within the framework of a national policy and institutional mechanisms to guide the management of external resources.
The thesis presented here aims to contribute to the clarification of some aspects of Official Development Assistance (ODA) that will facilitate the future definition of international cooperation policies, consistent with the purposes and statements of ODA; it also allows an adequate assessment at the national level of the terms of the supply of international cooperation resources that Costa Rica has received and those that will be available in the coming years. These aspects are necessary to maximize internal efforts and formulate strategies that make possible a more efficient use of external resources to meet national development needs. The ODA granted to Costa Rica during the period 1980-90 is situated in a historical period that obeyed a critical economic, social and political situation in Central America; where various national, regional and extra-regional actors intervened with different objectives, both political and economic, which largely conditioned the nature and scope of the aid and therefore also its real or desired effects. The cooperation initiatives promoted in the Central American countries were directly related to regional political actions that were effective in supporting pacification efforts in Central America. At the economic level, despite the increase in the volume of resources granted, the effects were not of the expected magnitude. An analysis of the ODA experience in Costa Rica leads to the following conclusions: (1) at the international level, ODA was a tool of cooperating partners to promote their political and economic interests; (2) in the regional context of violence and crisis in Central American economies, access to external resources and the presence of other sources of cooperation was very important in the search for alternative political solutions to pacification; (3) at the domestic level, ODA was an important source of resources for some sectors, but its overall effects were limited by the insufficient articulation of actions within the framework of a national policy and institutional mechanisms to guide the management of external resources.
Descripción
Palabras clave
AMÉRICA CENTRAL, COOPERACIÓN INTERNACIONAL, COSTA RICA, DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO Y SOCIAL, DESARROLLO NACIONAL, CENTRAL AMERICA, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT