Uso de auxinas y biocontroladores en la propagación de Anthurium andreanum por medio de esquejes de tallos en un sistema casa sombra
Fecha
2024
Autores
Araya Quesada, Jean Carlos
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El estudio se realizó en un invernadero tipo casa sombra utilizado regularmente en la producción comercial de anturios, ubicado en Santiago de San Ramón, Alajuela, bajo las coordenadas GMS 10°03'55" norte y 84°28'52" oeste, a una altitud de 1040 m.s.n.m., con una temperatura que oscila entre los 17 y 32 grados centígrados. La estructura del invernadero está orientada de este a oeste, con 30 m de ancho por 90 m de largo. El material de cobertura es una malla tipo sarán con una sombra del 65%, colocada a una altura de 3.5 m. El ensayo se basó en la metodología descrita por Alvarado y Álvarez (2014), con modificaciones. Se cambió el tipo de sustrato, utilizando aserrín de madera laurel con un grosor promedio de 1.5 cm, dado que este es el material comúnmente utilizado en dicho modelo de producción; también se modificaron el tiempo de mezcla y la concentración de AIB. En el Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y Genómica Funcional de la Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias de la UNA, se prepararon cinco soluciones de 1 L en agua destilada, con concentraciones de 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm y 1000 ppm de AIB (Phytotech Labs, Costa Rica). Estas concentraciones se seleccionaron debido a que no existe literatura sobre el uso de AIB en anturio para la propagación por esqueje, por lo cual se optó por trabajar con dos órdenes de magnitud. Se separaron los 200 esquejes en grupos de 40 unidades, y luego se colocaron los 40 esquejes en un recipiente grande, donde se embebieron en cada solución, mezclando por rotación durante 25 minutos. En el ensayo, los esquejes se dispusieron como bloques completamente aleatorizados sobre 10 camas de tierra distribuidas en todo el invernadero. Las camas se construyeron a lo largo y ancho del invernadero, a una altura de 10 cm sobre el nivel del suelo, y el espacio entre ellas fue de 30 cm de ancho por el largo de la cama.
The study was carried out in a shade house greenhouse regularly used for commercial production of anthuriums, located in Santiago de San Ramón, Alajuela, under the GMS coordinates 10°03'55“ north and 84°28'52” west, at an altitude of 1040 m.a.s.l., with a temperature ranging between 17 and 32 degrees Celsius. The greenhouse structure is oriented from east to west, 30 m wide and 90 m long. The covering material is a saran-type mesh with a shade of 65%, placed at a height of 3.5 m. The trial was based on the methodology described by Alvarado and Alvarez (2014), with modifications. The type of substrate was changed, using laurel wood sawdust with an average thickness of 1.5 cm, since this is the material commonly used in that production model; the mixing time and AIB concentration were also modified. In the Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Laboratory of the School of Agricultural Sciences of UNA, five 1 L solutions were prepared in distilled water, with concentrations of 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm of AIB (Phytotech Labs, Costa Rica). These concentrations were selected because there is no literature on the use of AIB in anthurium for propagation by cuttings, so it was decided to work with two orders of magnitude. The 200 cuttings were separated into groups of 40 units, and then the 40 cuttings were placed in a large container, where they were embedded in each solution, mixing by rotation for 25 minutes. In the trial, the cuttings were arranged as completely randomized blocks on 10 soil beds distributed throughout the greenhouse. The beds were constructed across the length and width of the greenhouse, at a height of 10 cm above ground level, and the spacing between them was 30 cm wide by the length of the bed.
The study was carried out in a shade house greenhouse regularly used for commercial production of anthuriums, located in Santiago de San Ramón, Alajuela, under the GMS coordinates 10°03'55“ north and 84°28'52” west, at an altitude of 1040 m.a.s.l., with a temperature ranging between 17 and 32 degrees Celsius. The greenhouse structure is oriented from east to west, 30 m wide and 90 m long. The covering material is a saran-type mesh with a shade of 65%, placed at a height of 3.5 m. The trial was based on the methodology described by Alvarado and Alvarez (2014), with modifications. The type of substrate was changed, using laurel wood sawdust with an average thickness of 1.5 cm, since this is the material commonly used in that production model; the mixing time and AIB concentration were also modified. In the Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Laboratory of the School of Agricultural Sciences of UNA, five 1 L solutions were prepared in distilled water, with concentrations of 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm of AIB (Phytotech Labs, Costa Rica). These concentrations were selected because there is no literature on the use of AIB in anthurium for propagation by cuttings, so it was decided to work with two orders of magnitude. The 200 cuttings were separated into groups of 40 units, and then the 40 cuttings were placed in a large container, where they were embedded in each solution, mixing by rotation for 25 minutes. In the trial, the cuttings were arranged as completely randomized blocks on 10 soil beds distributed throughout the greenhouse. The beds were constructed across the length and width of the greenhouse, at a height of 10 cm above ground level, and the spacing between them was 30 cm wide by the length of the bed.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Agronomía con modalidad: artículo científico y énfasis: agronegocios
Palabras clave
MICROORGANISMOS, MICROORGANISMS, ARACEAE, CULTIVO EN INVERNADERO, GREENHOUSE CULTIVATION, TRICHODERMA