Efectos de la integración económica centroamericana en la competitividad de las pymes en los últimos años 2001-2011
Fecha
2014
Autores
Fallas Zeledón, Sandra
Gómez Salas, Mauricio
Hernández Flores, Daniela
López Alvarado, Isabella
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En los últimos diez años, la integración económica centroamericana ha significado un complejo proceso para la región, tanto de éxitos como de fracasos; convirtiéndose en un debate no sólo entre gobernantes, sino también de miembros de la sociedad civil, industrias y pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES), entre otros. Debido a las oportunidades económicas que representa para la zona y específicamente en la competitividad de las PYMES, se ha visto un esfuerzo por parte de todos los países miembros.
A pesar de las iniciativasde los gobiernos, la difusión de la información por parte deinstituciones regionales y de las ventajas del proceso de integración y apoyo a las PYMES no ha llegado a toda la región. Además, se nota la necesidad de incentivar la innovación en las pequeñas empresas como factor clave para la competitividad de las PYMES.
En el desarrollo de la investigación se aplicó una encuesta a PYMES de los países miembros con el fin de imprimirle actualidad y veracidad a los resultados, así como una entrevista a un experto en estudios de la región. De la misma manera, se realizó una evaluación de fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas (FODA) como resultado de la comparación de la situación actual de las PYMES y el contexto socio-económico de cada uno de los países de Centroamérica.
In the last ten years, Central American economic integration has been a complex process for the region, with both successes and failures; it has become a debate not only among governments, but also among members of civil society, industries and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), among others. Due to the economic opportunities it represents for the zone and specifically for the competitiveness of SMEs, an effort has been made by all member countries. Despite government initiatives, the dissemination of information by regional institutions and the advantages of the integration process and support for SMEs has not reached the entire region. In addition, there is a need to encourage innovation in small enterprises as a key factor for SME competitiveness. During the research, a survey of SMEs in the member countries was conducted to ensure that the results were up-to-date and accurate, as well as an interview with an expert in studies of the region. An evaluation of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) was also carried out to compare the current situation of SMEs and the socioeconomic context of each of the Central American countries.
In the last ten years, Central American economic integration has been a complex process for the region, with both successes and failures; it has become a debate not only among governments, but also among members of civil society, industries and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), among others. Due to the economic opportunities it represents for the zone and specifically for the competitiveness of SMEs, an effort has been made by all member countries. Despite government initiatives, the dissemination of information by regional institutions and the advantages of the integration process and support for SMEs has not reached the entire region. In addition, there is a need to encourage innovation in small enterprises as a key factor for SME competitiveness. During the research, a survey of SMEs in the member countries was conducted to ensure that the results were up-to-date and accurate, as well as an interview with an expert in studies of the region. An evaluation of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) was also carried out to compare the current situation of SMEs and the socioeconomic context of each of the Central American countries.
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Palabras clave
AMÉRICA CENTRAL, COMPETITIVIDAD, ESTRATEGIA EMPRESARIAL, INTEGRACIÓN ECONÓMICA, PYMES, BUSINESS STRATEGY, CENTRAL AMERICA, COMPETITIVENESS, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, SMES