Aislamiento, identificación y evaluación in vitro de hongos nematófagos como posibles agentes de control biológico del nematodo barrenador Radopholus similis (Cobb, 1893) Thorne, 1949 en fincas bananeras de la región Huetar Atlántica
Fecha
2023
Autores
Ugalde Monge, Berlioth
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El uso de hongos nematófagos (HN) para el control biológico de nematodos es una alternativa para reducir el uso de productos químicos sintéticos en cultivos agrícolas importantes. Objetivo. Aislamiento e identificación de hongos HN presentes en muestras de suelo de plantaciones de banano de la región Huetar Atlántica. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se desarrolló entre mayo de 2021 y junio de 2023 a partir de muestras de suelo procedentes de cinco cantones de la región Huetar Atlántica de Costa Rica. Se analizaron diez muestras de suelo mediante el método de espolvoreado en placas con agar-agua para buscar estructuras de HN. Para la selección y purificación de hongos nematófagos se utilizaron placas Petri con papa dextrosa agar (PDA), identificando las estructuras morfológicas para el diagnóstico a nivel de género. Los hongos identificados morfológicamente se replicaron y se conservaron en una micoteca en viales con PDA y aceite mineral a 4 °C. De los hongos aislados y purificados se extrajo el ADN y mediante amplificación por PCR (Reacción de Cadena de la Polimerasa) y secuenciación bidireccional de diferentes regiones del genoma (ITS, TEF1-α, rpb2 y β-tubulina), se identificaron molecularmente. Resultados. Se aislaron e identificaron doce hongos, entre ellos Trichoderma asperellum, Penicillium steckii, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium pseudocircinatum, y Talaromyces sp. Conclusión. La diversidad de hongos nematófagos encontrada en la Región Huetar Atlántica apunta hacia su potencial uso como agentes de control biológico.
The use of nematophagous fungi (NF) for biological control of nematodes is an alternative to reduce the use of synthetic chemicals in important agricultural crops. Objective. To isolate and to identify NF present in soil samples from banana plantations in the Huetar Atlántica region. Materials and methods. The study was developed between May 2021 and June 2023 from soil samples from five cantons of the Huetar Atlantic region of Costa Rica. Ten soil samples were analyzed by the water-agar plate sprinkling method to search for NF structures. For selection and purification of nematophagous fungi, Petri dishes with PDA were used, identifying morphological structures for diagnosis at genus level. Morphologically identified fungi were replicated and preserved in vials with PDA and mineral oil at 4°C. DNA was extracted from the isolated and purified NF and through PCR amplification (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and bidirectional sequencing of different genome regions (ITS, TEF1-α, rpb2 and β-tubulin), they were molecularly identified. Results. Twelve fungi were isolated and identified, including Trichoderma asperellum, Penicillium steckii, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium pseudocircinatum, and Talaromyces sp. Conclusion. Diversity of nematophagous fungi found in the Huetar Atlantic Region points to its potential use as biological control agents.
The use of nematophagous fungi (NF) for biological control of nematodes is an alternative to reduce the use of synthetic chemicals in important agricultural crops. Objective. To isolate and to identify NF present in soil samples from banana plantations in the Huetar Atlántica region. Materials and methods. The study was developed between May 2021 and June 2023 from soil samples from five cantons of the Huetar Atlantic region of Costa Rica. Ten soil samples were analyzed by the water-agar plate sprinkling method to search for NF structures. For selection and purification of nematophagous fungi, Petri dishes with PDA were used, identifying morphological structures for diagnosis at genus level. Morphologically identified fungi were replicated and preserved in vials with PDA and mineral oil at 4°C. DNA was extracted from the isolated and purified NF and through PCR amplification (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and bidirectional sequencing of different genome regions (ITS, TEF1-α, rpb2 and β-tubulin), they were molecularly identified. Results. Twelve fungi were isolated and identified, including Trichoderma asperellum, Penicillium steckii, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium pseudocircinatum, and Talaromyces sp. Conclusion. Diversity of nematophagous fungi found in the Huetar Atlantic Region points to its potential use as biological control agents.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Agronomía, bajo la modalidad de artículo científico
Palabras clave
BANANO, BANANA, NEMATOLOGÍA, NEMATOLOGY, CONTROL BIOLÓGICO, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, RADOPHOLUS SIMILIS, TRICHODERMA, FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM