Manejo reproductivo sostenible de hembras bovinas primíparas en el trópico húmedo de Costa Rica
Archivos
Fecha
2007-02
Autores
Galindo Badilla, Jaime Roberto
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio es resaltar la interacción que existe entre las reservas corporales de
las vacas de primer parto con el entorno ambiental y jerárquico teniendo en cuenta variables de
tipo biológico y económico. Es sabido que vacas que tienen una buena condición corporal tiene
una mayor probabilidad de iniciar su actividad ovárica más rápido y por ende quedar gestantes
más rápido. Se ha atribuido la baja productividad de los animales criados bajo condiciones
tropicales a una inadecuada nutrición. Se han desarrollado estrategias de suplementación
alimentaria en las épocas críticas del año con el objetivo de proveer aquellos nutrientes que los
pastos no aportan en cantidades adecuadas.
Estos estudios se llevaron a cabo en la finca “La Vega” perteneciente al Instituto Tecnológico de
Costa Rica, ubicada en San Carlos, provincia de Alajuela, Costa Rica. El primer estudio tuvo por
objetivo evaluar el uso de la suplementación alimenticia, destete y sincronización sobre
parámetros productivos y reproductivos en vacas Bos indicus postparto. Para esto se utilizaron
26 novillas de primer parto (Bos indicus), SSD (Grupo suplementado + sincronización + destete,
n= 11) y NSSD (Grupo no suplementado + sincronización + destete, n=15). El grupo (SSD)
recibió por 44 días Citrocom® Casa Dos Pinos (5.5% PC, 2.85 Mcal ED), a razón de 1% del
peso vivo. A los 60 días posparto promedio todos los animales fueron sincronizados con un
progestágeno (Norgetomet) además de una inyección de Valerato de Estradiol (VE), al retiro del
implante, se destetaron las crías por 72 horas y las vacas fueron expuestas a 2 toros. El punto
más bajo de condición corporal (NADIR) que presentaron los animales del grupo suplementado
fue de 37.5 ± 3.4 días mientras que el grupo no suplementado lo presentó a los 22.3 ± 7.9 días
(P<0.0001). No se observaron diferencias entre los grupos en cuanto a capa dorsal de grasa y
peso a lo largo del estudio. Al final de la sincronización en el SSD se observó que 81% (9/11) y
en el NSSD el 60% (9/15) ovularon (P>0.05). La proporción de animales que ciclaron al final del
experimento en el grupo SSD fue 82% (9/11) mientras que en el grupo NSSD fue 73% (11/15)
se observó que el grupo SSD ovuló de forma más rápida que el NSSD (55.8 ± 7.8 y 94.5 ± 21.7
respectivamente) (P<0.05). Se observó que en cuanto a la suplementación esta no tuvo
ninguna influencia reproductiva en los grupos en cuanto a la ovulación, fertilidad y ciclicidad
después del tratamiento.
En el segundo estudio se elaboró un modelo de simulación estocástico para evaluar la
eficiencia bioeconómica de un sistema de producción de ganado de carne en el trópico húmedo
de Costa Rica.
The objective of this study is to highlight the interaction between body reserves of first calving cows and the environmental and hierarchical the environmental and hierarchical environment, taking into account biological and economic variables. biological and economic variables. It is known that cows that have a good body condition have a higher probability of initiating ovulation a higher probability of initiating their ovarian activity faster and therefore becoming pregnant faster. more quickly. The low productivity of animals raised under tropical conditions has been attributed to inadequate nutrition. conditions has been attributed to inadequate nutrition. Feed supplementation strategies have been developed at critical times of the year. at critical times of the year have been developed with the objective of providing those nutrients that pasture does not provide in adequate quantities. pasture does not provide in adequate amounts. These studies were carried out at the "La Vega" farm belonging to the Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, located in San Carlos, Costa Rica. Costa Rica, located in San Carlos, province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. The first study was aimed at to evaluate the use of dietary supplementation, weaning and synchronization on productive and reproductive productive and reproductive parameters in postpartum Bos indicus cows. For this purpose, 26 first-calf heifers (Bos indicus) were used. 26 first calving heifers (Bos indicus), SSD (supplemented group + synchronization + weaning, n= 11) and NSSD (non-supplemented + synchronization + weaning group, n=15). The group (SSD) received Citrocom® Casa Dos Pinos (5.5% CP, 2.85 Mcal ED) for 44 days, at a rate of 1% of the live weight. live weight. At an average of 60 days postpartum, all animals were synchronized with a progestogen (Norgetometin). progestogen (Norgetomet) in addition to an injection of Estradiol Valerate (EV). The calves were weaned for 72 hours and the cows were exposed to 2 bulls. The lowest body condition The lowest point of body condition (NADIR) presented by the animals in the supplemented group was 37.5 ± 3.5 ± 3.0 ± 3.0 was 37.5 ± 3.4 days while the non-supplemented group presented it at 22.3 ± 7.9 days (P<0.0001). (P<0.0001). No differences were observed between groups in dorsal fat layer and weight throughout the study. weight throughout the study. At the end of synchronization in the SSD, 81% (9/11) and in the NSSD 60% (9/15) ovulated (P>0.05). The proportion of animals that cycled at the end of the experiment in the SSD group was 82% (9/11) and 60% (9/15). in the SSD group was 82% (9/11) while in the NSSD group it was 73% (11/15). It was observed that the SSD group ovulated more rapidly than the NSSD group (55.8 ± 7.8 and 94.5 ± 21.7 respectively) (P<0.05). It was observed that supplementation did not have any reproductive influence on the groups in the the groups in terms of ovulation, fertility and cyclicity after treatment. after treatment. In the second study, a stochastic simulation model was elaborated to evaluate the bioeconomic bioeconomic efficiency of a beef cattle production system in the humid tropics of Costa Rica. of Costa Rica.
The objective of this study is to highlight the interaction between body reserves of first calving cows and the environmental and hierarchical the environmental and hierarchical environment, taking into account biological and economic variables. biological and economic variables. It is known that cows that have a good body condition have a higher probability of initiating ovulation a higher probability of initiating their ovarian activity faster and therefore becoming pregnant faster. more quickly. The low productivity of animals raised under tropical conditions has been attributed to inadequate nutrition. conditions has been attributed to inadequate nutrition. Feed supplementation strategies have been developed at critical times of the year. at critical times of the year have been developed with the objective of providing those nutrients that pasture does not provide in adequate quantities. pasture does not provide in adequate amounts. These studies were carried out at the "La Vega" farm belonging to the Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, located in San Carlos, Costa Rica. Costa Rica, located in San Carlos, province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. The first study was aimed at to evaluate the use of dietary supplementation, weaning and synchronization on productive and reproductive productive and reproductive parameters in postpartum Bos indicus cows. For this purpose, 26 first-calf heifers (Bos indicus) were used. 26 first calving heifers (Bos indicus), SSD (supplemented group + synchronization + weaning, n= 11) and NSSD (non-supplemented + synchronization + weaning group, n=15). The group (SSD) received Citrocom® Casa Dos Pinos (5.5% CP, 2.85 Mcal ED) for 44 days, at a rate of 1% of the live weight. live weight. At an average of 60 days postpartum, all animals were synchronized with a progestogen (Norgetometin). progestogen (Norgetomet) in addition to an injection of Estradiol Valerate (EV). The calves were weaned for 72 hours and the cows were exposed to 2 bulls. The lowest body condition The lowest point of body condition (NADIR) presented by the animals in the supplemented group was 37.5 ± 3.5 ± 3.0 ± 3.0 was 37.5 ± 3.4 days while the non-supplemented group presented it at 22.3 ± 7.9 days (P<0.0001). (P<0.0001). No differences were observed between groups in dorsal fat layer and weight throughout the study. weight throughout the study. At the end of synchronization in the SSD, 81% (9/11) and in the NSSD 60% (9/15) ovulated (P>0.05). The proportion of animals that cycled at the end of the experiment in the SSD group was 82% (9/11) and 60% (9/15). in the SSD group was 82% (9/11) while in the NSSD group it was 73% (11/15). It was observed that the SSD group ovulated more rapidly than the NSSD group (55.8 ± 7.8 and 94.5 ± 21.7 respectively) (P<0.05). It was observed that supplementation did not have any reproductive influence on the groups in the the groups in terms of ovulation, fertility and cyclicity after treatment. after treatment. In the second study, a stochastic simulation model was elaborated to evaluate the bioeconomic bioeconomic efficiency of a beef cattle production system in the humid tropics of Costa Rica. of Costa Rica.
Descripción
Maestría en Producción Animal Sostenible
Palabras clave
VACAS, COWS, PARTO, GESTACIÓN ANIMAL, NUTRICIÓN ANIMAL, NUTRIENTES, NUTRIENTS, PASTOS, PASTURE, ANIMAL NUTRITION, ANIMAL GESTATION, COSTA RICA