Pasantía en el Laboratorio de Parasitología de la Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional
Fecha
2025-07-21
Autores
Delgado Hernández, Mónica
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La parasitología veterinaria estudia los parásitos, sus ciclos biológicos y su impacto en los seres vivos. Debido a su estudio conocemos varias técnicas laboratoriales que sirven de herramienta a los profesionales de la salud para llegar a un diagnóstico. Se realizó una pasantía en el Laboratorio de Parasitología de la Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional, entre el 8 de enero y el 22 de marzo de 2024. Además, se realizaron ocho prácticas en los laboratorios del CENIBiot entre febrero y abril de 2024 de 7 am a 1 pm. El objetivo fue reforzar los conocimientos sobre parasitología veterinaria y mejorar habilidades de tomas de muestras y técnicas empleadas.
Se participó en la recepción, toma de muestras en campo y análisis de muestras en el laboratorio. También se clasificaron distintas especies de garrapatas y se participó en pruebas en los laboratorios del CENIBiot como la extracción de ADN y realización de Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR). Se procesaron 188 muestras, entre las cuales estaban 59 (31,4%) muestras de caninos, 38 (20,2%) de caprinos, 37 (19,7%) de animales silvestres, 21 (11,2%) de bovinos, 12 (6,4%) de aves, nueve (4,8%) de equinos, tres (1,6%) de conejo, un felino (0,5%) y la identificación de ocho garrapatas (4,3%). En las giras se recolectaron las muestras de sangre de 48 caninos y 14 muestras de heces. Cuatro (8,3%) muestras de sangre resultaron positivas a Dirofilaria immitis; y en las muestras de heces se observaron cinco (38,5%) muestras con Ancylostomatideos y una (7,7%) muestra con Ancylostomatideos y Trichuris vulpis.
Se analizaron 167 muestras de heces de cerdos para determinar la cantidad de ooquistes de coccidios presentes en las muestras. Se clasificaron 1039 garrapatas y se contabilizaron 758 (73,0%) garrapatas del género Amblyomma spp., 290 (18,3%) del género Rhipicephalus sp., 88 (8,5%) del género Dermacentor sp. y 3 (0,4%) del género Ixodes sp. Se participó en la extracción de ADN de coágulos de sangre de caninos, y se realizó PCR para determinar la presencia de Trypanosoma cruzi. Se reforzaron los conocimientos sobre parásitos y las distintas técnicas realizadas en el Laboratorio de Parasitología. Se realizaron varias tomas de muestras en campo y se colaboró con la identificación de parásitos de las muestras referidas al Laboratorio de Parasitología. Por último, se adquirieron nuevos conocimientos sobre técnicas de genética molecular en el Laboratorio del CENIBiot.
Veterinary parasitology studies parasites, their biological cycles, and their impact on living beings. Through its study, we learn various laboratory techniques that serve as tools for healthcare professionals to reach a diagnosis. An internship was held in the Parasitology Laboratory of the School of Veterinary Medicine of the National University, between January 8 and March 22, 2024. In addition, eight internships were conducted in the CENIBiot laboratories between February and April 2024, from 7 am to 1 pm. The objective was to strengthen knowledge of veterinary parasitology and improve sample collection skills and techniques used. Participants participated in the reception, field sample collection, and laboratory analysis. Different tick species were also classified and participants participated in tests in the CENIBiot laboratories, such as DNA extraction and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of 188 samples were processed, including 59 (31.4%) canine samples, 38 (20.2%) goat samples, 37 (19.7%) wild animal samples, 21 (11.2%) bovine samples, 12 (6.4%) poultry samples, nine (4.8%) equine samples, three (1.6%) rabbit samples, one feline sample (0.5%), and eight ticks (4.3%) were identified. During the field trips, blood samples were collected from 48 canine samples and 14 fecal samples. Four (8.3%) blood samples were positive for Dirofilaria immitis; and five (38.5%) samples were found to have Ancylostomatids and one (7.7%) sample was found to have Ancylostomatids and Trichuris vulpis. A total of 167 pig fecal samples were analyzed to determine the number of coccidial oocysts present. A total of 1,039 ticks were classified, and 758 (73.0%) were Amblyomma spp. ticks, 290 (18.3%) were Rhipicephalus spp. ticks, 88 (8.5%) were Dermacentor spp. ticks, and 3 (0.4%) were Ixodes spp. ticks were counted. The team participated in DNA extraction from canine blood clots, and PCR was performed to determine the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi. Knowledge of parasites and the various techniques used in the Parasitology Laboratory was strengthened. Several field samples were taken, and the team collaborated with the identification of parasites in samples referring to the Parasitology Laboratory. Finally, new knowledge was acquired on molecular genetic techniques in the CENIBiot Laboratory.
Veterinary parasitology studies parasites, their biological cycles, and their impact on living beings. Through its study, we learn various laboratory techniques that serve as tools for healthcare professionals to reach a diagnosis. An internship was held in the Parasitology Laboratory of the School of Veterinary Medicine of the National University, between January 8 and March 22, 2024. In addition, eight internships were conducted in the CENIBiot laboratories between February and April 2024, from 7 am to 1 pm. The objective was to strengthen knowledge of veterinary parasitology and improve sample collection skills and techniques used. Participants participated in the reception, field sample collection, and laboratory analysis. Different tick species were also classified and participants participated in tests in the CENIBiot laboratories, such as DNA extraction and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of 188 samples were processed, including 59 (31.4%) canine samples, 38 (20.2%) goat samples, 37 (19.7%) wild animal samples, 21 (11.2%) bovine samples, 12 (6.4%) poultry samples, nine (4.8%) equine samples, three (1.6%) rabbit samples, one feline sample (0.5%), and eight ticks (4.3%) were identified. During the field trips, blood samples were collected from 48 canine samples and 14 fecal samples. Four (8.3%) blood samples were positive for Dirofilaria immitis; and five (38.5%) samples were found to have Ancylostomatids and one (7.7%) sample was found to have Ancylostomatids and Trichuris vulpis. A total of 167 pig fecal samples were analyzed to determine the number of coccidial oocysts present. A total of 1,039 ticks were classified, and 758 (73.0%) were Amblyomma spp. ticks, 290 (18.3%) were Rhipicephalus spp. ticks, 88 (8.5%) were Dermacentor spp. ticks, and 3 (0.4%) were Ixodes spp. ticks were counted. The team participated in DNA extraction from canine blood clots, and PCR was performed to determine the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi. Knowledge of parasites and the various techniques used in the Parasitology Laboratory was strengthened. Several field samples were taken, and the team collaborated with the identification of parasites in samples referring to the Parasitology Laboratory. Finally, new knowledge was acquired on molecular genetic techniques in the CENIBiot Laboratory.
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PARASITOLOGÍA VETERINARIA, PARÁSITOS, ENFERMEDADES GASTROINTESTINALES, GARRAPATAS, DIROFILARIA, VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY, PARASITES, GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES, TICKS