Clasificación de las principales especies de flora arvense asociadas a plantaciones jóvenes de Tectona grandis L.f y Gmelina arborea Roxb en el Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica
Fecha
2023
Autores
Castillo Mora, Mónica
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Las plantas asociadas a cultivos forestales pueden interferir con el crecimiento de los árboles; por esta razón, son eliminadas indiscriminadamente con técnicas químicas, manuales o mecanizadas, lo que genera impactos sobre el ecosistema, la salud humana, entre otros. No obstante, no todas las arvenses generan efectos negativos; es más, algunas de ellas benefician el cultivo, el ecosistema y el productor forestal. [Objetivo]: El presente estudio buscó clasificar las principales especies de plantas arvenses asociadas a plantaciones jóvenes de Tectona grandis L.f y Gmelina arborea Roxb en el Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica, según su relación con el cultivo forestal, para un manejo selectivo de las plantas arvenses. Se muestrearon 20 plantaciones forestales de teca y melina ubicadas en los cantones de Corredores, Osa y Golfito para identificar las especies que presentaban mayor dominancia, frecuencia de aparición total y por lote. De esta manera, se identificaron 3 517 individuos distribuidos en 220 especies, pertenecientes a 51 familias botánicas, entre ellas predominaron las familias Fabaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae y Cyperaceae. Dentro de las 20 plantas descritas, un 60% se pueden considerar como competidoras para los árboles por su crecimiento acelerado y porte alto; 40% como plantas acompañantes y al menos un 50% comparten características que, con un adecuado manejo, pueden ser aprovechadas como plantas benéficas. El poder clasificar las plantas arvenses, le permite al productor forestal tener una herramienta útil para aprovechar los beneficios que le pueden proveer algunas plantas, disminuir los costos en métodos de control total de malezas, reducir fitotoxicidad en el cultivo, y conservar la diversidad del ecosistema
Plants associated with forest crops can interfere with the growth of trees. For this reason, they are indiscriminately eliminated with chemical, manual or mechanized techniques, which generates impacts on the ecosystem, human health, among others. However, not all weeds generate negative effects. Furthermore, some of them benefit the crop, the ecosystem, and the forestry production. The present study sought to classify the main species of weed plants associated with young plantations of Tectona grandis L.f and Gmelina arborea Roxb in the South Pacific of Costa Rica, according to their relationship with forestry cultivation, for selective management of weed plants. 20 teak and melina forest plantations located in Corredores, Osa and Golfito cantons were sampled to identify the species that had the greatest dominance, frequency of total appearance and per lot. In this way, 3,517 weed individuals distributed in 220 species belonging to 51 botanical families were identified, among them the Fabaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae and Cyperaceae families predominated. Within the 20 plants described, 60% can be considered as competitors for trees due to their accelerated growth and tall size; 40% as companion plants and at least 50% share characteristics that, with proper management, can be used as beneficial plants. The classification of weeds allows the forest producer to have a useful tool to take advantage of the benefits that some plants can provide, reduce costs in total weed control methods, reduce crop phytotoxicity, and preserve the ecosystem diversity.
Plants associated with forest crops can interfere with the growth of trees. For this reason, they are indiscriminately eliminated with chemical, manual or mechanized techniques, which generates impacts on the ecosystem, human health, among others. However, not all weeds generate negative effects. Furthermore, some of them benefit the crop, the ecosystem, and the forestry production. The present study sought to classify the main species of weed plants associated with young plantations of Tectona grandis L.f and Gmelina arborea Roxb in the South Pacific of Costa Rica, according to their relationship with forestry cultivation, for selective management of weed plants. 20 teak and melina forest plantations located in Corredores, Osa and Golfito cantons were sampled to identify the species that had the greatest dominance, frequency of total appearance and per lot. In this way, 3,517 weed individuals distributed in 220 species belonging to 51 botanical families were identified, among them the Fabaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae and Cyperaceae families predominated. Within the 20 plants described, 60% can be considered as competitors for trees due to their accelerated growth and tall size; 40% as companion plants and at least 50% share characteristics that, with proper management, can be used as beneficial plants. The classification of weeds allows the forest producer to have a useful tool to take advantage of the benefits that some plants can provide, reduce costs in total weed control methods, reduce crop phytotoxicity, and preserve the ecosystem diversity.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Ciencias Forestales con énfasis en Manejo Forestal y modalidad: artículo científico
Palabras clave
ÁRBOLES, TREES, CRECIMIENTO, GROWTH, CRICONEMATIDAE, PLANTACIÓN FORESTAL, PLANTATION FOREST, FABACEAE, POACEAE, ASTERACEAE, PRODUCTOS FORESTALES, FOREST PRODUCTS, PLANTATIONS, MANEJO FORESTAL, FORESTRY MANAGEMENT, HIERBAS, HERBS