Mejoras hacia una mayor ecoeficiencia en la implementación del Programa de Gestión Ambiental Institucional (PGAI) de la Municipalidad de Poás
Fecha
2020
Autores
Elizondo González, Angie Melissa
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente trabajo se elaboró con el fin de aportar al cumplimiento de la legislación ambiental
actual, especificamente al Programa de Gestión Ambiental Institucional (PGAI) definido en el
Reglamento Nº 36499-S-MINAET, esto mediante la generación de información que permite plantear
ajustes al PGAI de la Municipalidad de Poás en el sector administrativo (edificio central, edificio
multiusos, oficina de junta vial) alineados a la visión de la ecoeficiencia.
Primeramente, se realizó un diagnóstico de la situación actual mediante la elaboración de un
Inventario de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (INGEI) y un Diagnóstico de Eficiencia Energética. El
INGEI se hizo para el año 2018 y usando el 2017 como año base, donde se consideraron emisiones
directas (consumo de combustible, aguas residuales y refrigerantes) e indirectas (electricidad
adquirida). Como parte de los resultados, para el año 2017 las toneladas de CO 2 equivalente emitidas
fueron 11,69 y para el año 2018 fueron 9,17, siendo en ambos años el uso de gasolina para los
vehículos la mayor fuente de generación de emisiones.
Posteriormente, el Diagnóstico de Eficiencia Energética se creó para el año 2018 y contempló
el uso de electricidad (equipos eléctricos y electrónicos) y combustible (gasolina y diésel), donde
resultó ser el consumo de electricidad la fuente de mayor consumo de energía, específicamente por
parte de las computadoras, seguido por el equipo de climatización del edificio central. Para el
inventario y el diagnóstico se realizaron propuestas de acciones de mejora para que la gestión sea más
ecoeficiente en la municipalidad.
También, se diseñó un manual de compras sustentables donde se definieron los criterios legales
que respaldan la solicitud de criterios sustentables por parte de las municipalidades a sus proveedores.
Además, se crearon criterios sociales y ambientales de bienes y servicios. El manual impulsa la gestión
ecoeficiente de la Municipalidad de Poás, ya que desde la compra se planifica la disminución de la
generación de emisiones y ser más eficientes energéticamente. Sin embargo, el manual de compras
elaborado no solamente abarcó los equipos de mayor consumo de energía o generadores de emisiones
de gases, si no también los tipos de bienes y servicios que se contemplan en los manuales de compras
del Ministerio de Hacienda y de CEGESTI que son aplicables a la institución, así como aquellos
solicitados por el Departamento de Gestión Ambiental.
The present work was elaborated with the purpose of contributing to the compliance of the current environmental legislation, specifically to the Institutional Environmental Management Program (PGAI) defined in the Regulation Nº 36499-S-MINAET, this through the generation of information that allows to propose adjustments to the PGAI of the Municipality of Poás in the administrative sector (central building, multipurpose building, road board office) aligned to the vision of eco-efficiency. First, a diagnosis of the current situation was made through the preparation of a Greenhouse Gas Inventory (INGEI) and an Energy Efficiency Diagnosis. The INGEI was done for 2018 and using 2017 as the base year, where direct emissions were considered (fuel consumption, water consumption, energy efficiency, etc.). direct (fuel consumption, wastewater and refrigerants) and indirect (purchased electricity) were considered. As part of the results, for the year 2017 the tons of CO 2 equivalent emitted were 11.69 and for the year 2018 were 9.17, being in both years the use of gasoline for vehicles the largest source of emissions generation. Subsequently, the Energy Efficiency Diagnosis was created for 2018 and contemplated the use of electricity (electrical and electronic equipment) and fuel (gasoline and diesel), where it turned out that electricity consumption was the source of highest energy consumption, specifically by computers, followed by the air conditioning equipment of the central building. For the inventory and diagnosis, proposals were made for improvement actions to make management more eco-efficient in the municipality. Also, a sustainable procurement manual was designed where the legal criteria that support the request of sustainable criteria by the municipalities to their suppliers were defined. In addition, social and environmental criteria for goods and services were created. The manual promotes the eco-efficient management of the Municipality of Poás, as it plans to reduce the generation of emissions and be more energy efficient. However, the procurement manual However, the procurement manual prepared not only covered the equipment with the highest energy consumption or generators of gas emissions, but also the types of equipment with the highest energy consumption or generators of gas emissions. emissions, but also the types of goods and services that are covered in the procurement manuals of the Ministry of Finance and CEG and CEGESTI procurement manuals applicable to the institution, as well as those requested by the Environmental Management Department. requested by the Environmental Management Department.
The present work was elaborated with the purpose of contributing to the compliance of the current environmental legislation, specifically to the Institutional Environmental Management Program (PGAI) defined in the Regulation Nº 36499-S-MINAET, this through the generation of information that allows to propose adjustments to the PGAI of the Municipality of Poás in the administrative sector (central building, multipurpose building, road board office) aligned to the vision of eco-efficiency. First, a diagnosis of the current situation was made through the preparation of a Greenhouse Gas Inventory (INGEI) and an Energy Efficiency Diagnosis. The INGEI was done for 2018 and using 2017 as the base year, where direct emissions were considered (fuel consumption, water consumption, energy efficiency, etc.). direct (fuel consumption, wastewater and refrigerants) and indirect (purchased electricity) were considered. As part of the results, for the year 2017 the tons of CO 2 equivalent emitted were 11.69 and for the year 2018 were 9.17, being in both years the use of gasoline for vehicles the largest source of emissions generation. Subsequently, the Energy Efficiency Diagnosis was created for 2018 and contemplated the use of electricity (electrical and electronic equipment) and fuel (gasoline and diesel), where it turned out that electricity consumption was the source of highest energy consumption, specifically by computers, followed by the air conditioning equipment of the central building. For the inventory and diagnosis, proposals were made for improvement actions to make management more eco-efficient in the municipality. Also, a sustainable procurement manual was designed where the legal criteria that support the request of sustainable criteria by the municipalities to their suppliers were defined. In addition, social and environmental criteria for goods and services were created. The manual promotes the eco-efficient management of the Municipality of Poás, as it plans to reduce the generation of emissions and be more energy efficient. However, the procurement manual However, the procurement manual prepared not only covered the equipment with the highest energy consumption or generators of gas emissions, but also the types of equipment with the highest energy consumption or generators of gas emissions. emissions, but also the types of goods and services that are covered in the procurement manuals of the Ministry of Finance and CEG and CEGESTI procurement manuals applicable to the institution, as well as those requested by the Environmental Management Department. requested by the Environmental Management Department.
Descripción
Optar al grado de Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Gestión Ambiental
Palabras clave
LEGISLACIÓN AMBIENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION, ALAJUELA (COSTA RICA), GOBIERNO LOCAL, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, GASES, GAS, EFECTO INVERNADERO, GREENHOUSE EFFECT, CONSUMO DE ENERGÍA, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, EVALUACIÓN DE PROYECTOS, PROJECT EVALUATION