Marginación laboral y estigma social de personas en situación de calle : estudio de caso en Hogar San José, Heredia, 2018-2020
Fecha
2013
Autores
Jirón Espinoza, Ana María
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente documento materializa el trabajo final de graduación para optar por el grado de
Licenciatura en Sociología, de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. Se explica la relación entre
el estigma social y la marginación laboral de las personas en situación de calle. Esto se llevó a cabo
desde el acercamiento a personas en esta condición que asisten al Hogar San José, en Heredia Costa
Rica.
La tesis se propone desde el enfoque que reconoce a los individuos sumidos en una estructura. Por
lo tanto, la realidad social debe estudiarse desde las relaciones existentes en su contexto. No
obstante, la investigadora es consciente de que el sujeto es un actor y no un objeto pasivo. Por
consiguiente, se examinaron las relaciones de los individuos ante el problema social. Desde este
marco de perspectivas, el estudio usó como referencias la teoría del estigma de Goffman (1922), la
teoría del etiquetaje de Becker (1963) y la teoría de desafiliación de Castell (1997). Además, se
procuró articular las tres teorías, con el fin de analizar dialécticamente el fenómeno social
mencionado. Es decir, se aborda cómo el estigma, como construcción social, se interioriza y
repercute en la conformación de la identidad de las personas, lo que genera un impacto e influye
en la marginación laboral de las personas en situación de calle. Sin embargo, esto no concluye con
la problemática, sino que continúa perpetuando el estigma.
El abordaje metodológico de la investigación es de corte cualitativo, se partió del enfoque
hermenéutico crítico, por lo que se concibe la realidad inmersa en un contexto sociohistórico que
es interiorizado por los individuos y a partir de esto actúan. Por lo tanto, se retomó la perspectiva
metodológica del constructivismo, de Berger y Luckmann. Se le da importancia al lenguaje, a los
signos y se busca su significado. Para esto, se acudió a las técnicas de historias de vida, grupo focal
y entrevistas.
El análisis de la información obtenida se llevó a cabo a partir de un esfuerzo de sistematización,
así como el uso de categorías teóricas y metodológicas de los teóricos señalados. Por medio de los
resultados del estudio, se planteó una propuesta para el abordaje de la problemática, la cual se
encuentra al final de la investigación
This document materializes the final graduation work to opt for the degree of Degree in Sociology, from the National University of Costa Rica. The relationship between the social stigma and labor marginalization of homeless people. This was carried out from the approach to people in this condition who attend the Hogar San José, in Heredia Costa Delicious. The thesis is proposed from the approach that recognizes individuals immersed in a structure. For Therefore, social reality must be studied from the existing relationships in its context. No However, the researcher is aware that the subject is an actor and not a passive object. For Consequently, the relationships of individuals to the social problem were examined. from this framework of perspectives, the study used as references the stigma theory of Goffman (1922), the Becker's (1963) labeling theory and Castell's (1997) disaffiliation theory. Also I know tried to articulate the three theories, in order to dialectically analyze the social phenomenon mentioned. In other words, it addresses how stigma, as a social construction, is internalized and affects the conformation of the identity of people, which generates an impact and influences in the labor marginalization of homeless people. However, this does not end with the problem, but continues to perpetuate the stigma. The methodological approach of the research is qualitative, it was based on the approach critical hermeneutic, for which reality is conceived immersed in a sociohistorical context that it is internalized by individuals and from this they act. Therefore, the perspective methodology of constructivism, Berger and Luckmann. Importance is given to language, signs and search for their meaning. For this, the techniques of life stories, focus group and interviews. The analysis of the information obtained was carried out from a systematization effort, as well as the use of theoretical and methodological categories of the aforementioned theorists. Through the results of the study, a proposal was made to approach the problem, which was found at the end of the investigation
This document materializes the final graduation work to opt for the degree of Degree in Sociology, from the National University of Costa Rica. The relationship between the social stigma and labor marginalization of homeless people. This was carried out from the approach to people in this condition who attend the Hogar San José, in Heredia Costa Delicious. The thesis is proposed from the approach that recognizes individuals immersed in a structure. For Therefore, social reality must be studied from the existing relationships in its context. No However, the researcher is aware that the subject is an actor and not a passive object. For Consequently, the relationships of individuals to the social problem were examined. from this framework of perspectives, the study used as references the stigma theory of Goffman (1922), the Becker's (1963) labeling theory and Castell's (1997) disaffiliation theory. Also I know tried to articulate the three theories, in order to dialectically analyze the social phenomenon mentioned. In other words, it addresses how stigma, as a social construction, is internalized and affects the conformation of the identity of people, which generates an impact and influences in the labor marginalization of homeless people. However, this does not end with the problem, but continues to perpetuate the stigma. The methodological approach of the research is qualitative, it was based on the approach critical hermeneutic, for which reality is conceived immersed in a sociohistorical context that it is internalized by individuals and from this they act. Therefore, the perspective methodology of constructivism, Berger and Luckmann. Importance is given to language, signs and search for their meaning. For this, the techniques of life stories, focus group and interviews. The analysis of the information obtained was carried out from a systematization effort, as well as the use of theoretical and methodological categories of the aforementioned theorists. Through the results of the study, a proposal was made to approach the problem, which was found at the end of the investigation
Descripción
Palabras clave
HEREDIA (COSTA RICA), PROGRAMAS SOCIALES, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, DESEMPLEO, UNEMPLOYMENT, POBREZA, POVERTY, MARGINALIDAD, MARGINALITY