Diversidad genética en bovinos de ocho regiones en Costa Rica
Fecha
2015
Autores
Cordero Solorzano, Juan Miguel
Vargas Leitón, Bernardo
León Rodríguez, Bernal
Chacón González, Idania
Martínez Pichardo, Marco
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Diversidad genética en bovinos de ocho regiones en
Costa Rica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar
el grado de diversidad genética inter-regional presente
en el ganado bovino de Costa Rica. Se colectaron 1498
muestras de ADN (año 2013) procedentes de ocho diferentes
regiones del país. Se calcularon las frecuencias alélicas y
los principales parámetros genéticos poblacionales para
dieciocho marcadores microsatélite. Se realizó además
un análisis de varianza molecular y se calcularon las
distancias genéticas entre bovinos de diferentes regiones.
A nivel nacional se observó un alto grado de diversidad,
con un número promedio de 14,6±1,01 alelos observados
y 5,6+0,37 alelos efectivos por marcador. La heterocigosis
observada (Ho) fue 0,76±0,01 y la esperada (He) 0,81±0,01.
El contenido de información polimórfica (CIP) fue de
0,79±0,06 y el índice de consanguinidad (FIS) fue de
0,06±0,004. A nivel de regiones, la Ho varió desde
0,73±0,02 en la región Central Sur hasta 0,78±0,01 en
la región Huetar Norte. El dendrograma mostró tres
agrupaciones claramente diferenciadas, con las regiones
Central Metropolitana y Central Occidental en un grupo;
Huetar Caribe, Central Sur, Pacífico Central y Chorotega
en un segundo grupo; y Huetar Norte y Brunca en un tercer
grupo intermedio. Los estimados de diferenciación genética
RST fueron significativos entre regiones de distintos grupos
y no significativos entre regiones de un mismo grupo. Las
diferencias genéticas entre regiones se relacionaron con la
proliferación diferenciada de tipos raciales en función de
su adaptabilidad a las condiciones agroecológicas y a los
sistemas de producción imperantes en cada región.
Genetic diversity in cattle of eight regions in Costa Rica. The aim of this study was to explore the extent of inter-regional genetic diversity present in the cattle of Costa Rica. 1498 DNA samples were collected (year 2013) from eight different regions within the country. Allelic frequencies and major population genetic parameters were determined for eighteen microsatellite markers. An analysis of molecular variance was also carried out and genetic distances were calculated between cattle from different regions. At the national level, a high allelic diversity was found, with an average of 14.6±1.01 observed alleles and 5.6+0.37 effective alleles per marker. Observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities were 0.76±0.01 and 0.81±01, respectively. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and Coefficient of Inbreeding (FIS) were 0.79±0.06 and 0.06±0.004, respectively. At the regional level, Ho ranged between 0.73±0.02 in the South Central region to 0.78±0.01 in the North Huetar region. The dendrogram showed three clearly distinct groups, Metropolitan Central and West Central regions in one group, Caribbean Huetar, South Central, Central Pacific and Chorotega regions in a second group; and North Huetar and Brunca regions in a third intermediate group. Estimates of genetic differentiation (RST) were significant between regions from different groups and non-significant for regions within the same group. Genetic differences between regions are related to differential proliferation of breed groups based on their adaptability to the agro-ecological conditions and production systems prevailing in each region.
Genetic diversity in cattle of eight regions in Costa Rica. The aim of this study was to explore the extent of inter-regional genetic diversity present in the cattle of Costa Rica. 1498 DNA samples were collected (year 2013) from eight different regions within the country. Allelic frequencies and major population genetic parameters were determined for eighteen microsatellite markers. An analysis of molecular variance was also carried out and genetic distances were calculated between cattle from different regions. At the national level, a high allelic diversity was found, with an average of 14.6±1.01 observed alleles and 5.6+0.37 effective alleles per marker. Observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities were 0.76±0.01 and 0.81±01, respectively. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and Coefficient of Inbreeding (FIS) were 0.79±0.06 and 0.06±0.004, respectively. At the regional level, Ho ranged between 0.73±0.02 in the South Central region to 0.78±0.01 in the North Huetar region. The dendrogram showed three clearly distinct groups, Metropolitan Central and West Central regions in one group, Caribbean Huetar, South Central, Central Pacific and Chorotega regions in a second group; and North Huetar and Brunca regions in a third intermediate group. Estimates of genetic differentiation (RST) were significant between regions from different groups and non-significant for regions within the same group. Genetic differences between regions are related to differential proliferation of breed groups based on their adaptability to the agro-ecological conditions and production systems prevailing in each region.
Descripción
Este estudio se realizó dentro del marco del proyecto de investigación SIA 0085-12, Universidad Nacional, financiado por la Comisión de Incentivos del Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología FI-370-11, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, GANADO BOVINO, CATTLE, VARIACION GENETICA, GENETICA ANIMAL, GENETIC VARIATION, ANIMAL GENETICS