Tecnología aplicada a la gestión eficaz del recurso humano en entidades públicas: desarrollo de una herramienta tecnológica para programar, calcular y evaluar el cumplimiento de las tareas asignadas.
Fecha
2013-04
Autores
Piedra Marín, Ruth
Sandí Ramírez, Sergio
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación muestra el desarrollo de una herramienta tecnológica denominada Herramienta para la Gestión del Trabajo (HGT), cuyo propósito es apoyara la Gestión de los Recursos Humanos a evaluar el desempeño en el trabajo considerando aspectos de la programación, calculo y evaluación del cumplimiento de las tareas asignadas a los trabajadores.
La investigación se titula Tecnología aplicada a la gestión eficaz del recurso humano en entidades públicas: desarrollo de una herramienta tecnológica para programar, calcular y evaluar el cumplimiento de las tareas asignadas y se desarrolló a lo largo de la Maestría en Gestión y Finanzas Públicas del Centro de Internacional de Política Económica (CINPE) de la Universidad Nacional. El diseño de la herramienta ha requerido múltiples pruebas y ajustes durante un año, hasta concluir el prototipo actual, mismo que fue probado durante un ensayo en la Dirección General de Servicio Civil.
Lo novedoso de la investigación es que, amparada en el marco de la legislación que cubre a las instituciones públicas costarricenses, propone un instrumento que combina teoría de las organizaciones, teoría de administración de recursos humanos, metodologías de medición de las personas, principios de informática, estudio del trabajo y la ingeniería industrial.
Con el propósito de alcanzar el impacto esperado, se plantearon el objetivo general y los objetivos específicos que a continuación se describen:
Demostrar que una herramienta tecnológica es un mecanismo útil para la Gestión eficaz de los recursos humanos del sector público.
Establecer patrones de medición de tiempos y procesos considerando normas nacionales e internacionales ajustadas al entorno de la organización.
o Construir una herramienta tecnológica que permita programar el trabajo asignado al personal y estimar su cumplimiento, en el horizonte de un año.
o Desarrollar un ensayo para probar la herramienta, con la participación de funcionarios públicos e incorporar mejoras a partir de sus criterios.
La propuesta teórico conceptual y el proceso de creación de la herramienta ha requerido de una investigación con enfoques cualitativo, cuantitativo y exploratorio.
Desde el enfoque cualitativo se recurrió a la revisión documental relacionada con normativa costarricense en materia de medición de las instituciones del gobierno central y parámetros nacionales e internacionales de medición y el criterio experto, incorporándose síntesis de entrevistas.
Desde el enfoque exploratorio, y una vez definidos los componentes para la Herramienta HGT y su posterior desarrollo en formato Excel, se procedió a realizar un ensayo con la participación de nueve profesionales de la Dirección General de Servicio Civil, por un periodo de quince días hábiles (del 4 al 24 de marzo del 2013).
Finalizada la etapa de prueba con la plantilla, se consultó a las personas que participaron en el ensayo, su opinión sobre la experiencia vivida con el uso de la herramienta, cuyos criterios fueron tomados en cuenta para el mejoramiento integral de la plantilla.
En lo que respecta al enfoque cuantitativo, la HGT generó reportes históricos y de prospección del cumplimiento del trabajo asignado. Se concluye que la HGT puede ser operada por personal de niveles técnicos y profesionales cuyos trabajos son de naturaleza distinta.
La investigación fue desarrollada por una profesional en periodismo y un ingeniero industrial.
This research demonstrates the development of a technological tool called the Herramienta para la Gestión del Trabajo (Work Management Tool), or HGT, which is designed to support the work of Human Resource Management in the scheduling, setting and evaluating of established work goals. This research project was performed by a professional journalist and an industrial engineer. The name of this research project is “Tecnología aplicada a la gestión eficaz del recurso humano en entidades públicas: autogestión del trabajo” (“Applied Technology in the Effective Management of Human Resources in Public Institutions: A self-management approach”), and the project was carried out as part of the Maestría en Gestión y Finanzas Públicas (Masters in Public Administration and Finance) of the International Center for Political Economy (CINPE, acronym in Spanish) of Universidad Nacional. The design of this tool required multiple trials and adjustments during a one-year period in order to arrive at the current prototype, which was tested during a trial in the central offices of the Dirección General de Servicio Civil (also known as DGSC, the Civil Service administration in Costa Rica). The research is novel in its combination of organizational and human resource administration theories with methods for assessment of people at work, information technology, time and motion studies and industrial engineering, all within the legislative framework that governs Costa Rica’s public institutions. In order to generate the desired impact, the following general and specific objectives were established: Demonstrate that technology can provide tools that are useful in the effective administration of human resources in the public sector. o Establish models for the measurement of times and processes, taking into account national and international norms adjusted to the environment of the organization. o Build a technological tool that will allow work to be assigned to personnel and performance of that work to be measured, over the period of one year. o Carry out a trial of the tool with the participation of public sector employees, and then implement changes based on their feedback. The conceptual and theoretical hypothesis and the actual process of tool development required research based on qualitative, quantitative and exploratory approaches. Drawing on the qualitative approach, a review of literature was performed, focusing on Costa Rican regulations related to Central Government Institution assessment, as well as the relevant national and international parameters and expert criteria for this type of assessment. From the exploratory approach, once the components of the HGT were defined and structured in an Excel template, a trial of the tool was performed with the participation of nine professional staff members from the DGSC; the trial covered a period of 15 working days, from March 4 to March 24, 2013. Once the testing of the tool template was completed, trial participants were interviewed regarding their experience with the tool, and these observations were used to drive overall improvement in the template. Finally, in terms of the quantitative approach, the HGT generated historical reports and current inventories on the completion of planned work. We conclude that HGT can be implemented by staff with distinct professional and technical levels working in different types of positions.
This research demonstrates the development of a technological tool called the Herramienta para la Gestión del Trabajo (Work Management Tool), or HGT, which is designed to support the work of Human Resource Management in the scheduling, setting and evaluating of established work goals. This research project was performed by a professional journalist and an industrial engineer. The name of this research project is “Tecnología aplicada a la gestión eficaz del recurso humano en entidades públicas: autogestión del trabajo” (“Applied Technology in the Effective Management of Human Resources in Public Institutions: A self-management approach”), and the project was carried out as part of the Maestría en Gestión y Finanzas Públicas (Masters in Public Administration and Finance) of the International Center for Political Economy (CINPE, acronym in Spanish) of Universidad Nacional. The design of this tool required multiple trials and adjustments during a one-year period in order to arrive at the current prototype, which was tested during a trial in the central offices of the Dirección General de Servicio Civil (also known as DGSC, the Civil Service administration in Costa Rica). The research is novel in its combination of organizational and human resource administration theories with methods for assessment of people at work, information technology, time and motion studies and industrial engineering, all within the legislative framework that governs Costa Rica’s public institutions. In order to generate the desired impact, the following general and specific objectives were established: Demonstrate that technology can provide tools that are useful in the effective administration of human resources in the public sector. o Establish models for the measurement of times and processes, taking into account national and international norms adjusted to the environment of the organization. o Build a technological tool that will allow work to be assigned to personnel and performance of that work to be measured, over the period of one year. o Carry out a trial of the tool with the participation of public sector employees, and then implement changes based on their feedback. The conceptual and theoretical hypothesis and the actual process of tool development required research based on qualitative, quantitative and exploratory approaches. Drawing on the qualitative approach, a review of literature was performed, focusing on Costa Rican regulations related to Central Government Institution assessment, as well as the relevant national and international parameters and expert criteria for this type of assessment. From the exploratory approach, once the components of the HGT were defined and structured in an Excel template, a trial of the tool was performed with the participation of nine professional staff members from the DGSC; the trial covered a period of 15 working days, from March 4 to March 24, 2013. Once the testing of the tool template was completed, trial participants were interviewed regarding their experience with the tool, and these observations were used to drive overall improvement in the template. Finally, in terms of the quantitative approach, the HGT generated historical reports and current inventories on the completion of planned work. We conclude that HGT can be implemented by staff with distinct professional and technical levels working in different types of positions.
Descripción
Palabras clave
RECURSOS HUMANOS, SECTOR PÚBLICO, TECNOLOGÍA, GOBIERNO, COSTA RICA