El léxico en las mujeres y los hombres: restricciones inconscientes o culturales
Fecha
2015
Autores
Pizarro Chacón, Ginneth
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Definir el léxico de un individuo dependiendo de su género es algo común en la sociedad. Cada hablante ha adquirido un léxico que lo identificará como parte de un género específico y este será utilizado durante toda su vida. Esta forma tan delimitada en el uso de la palabra ha motivado a los estudiosos a Investigarlo; por lo tanto, la presente investigación se enfocará en recolectar, analizar y presentar aspectos representativos sobre el uso de la palabra asociada con el género- masculino y femenino- y cómo muchas palabras consideradas tabúes son restringidas a un género específico. Además, se evidenciarán las restricciones psicológicas a que son sometidos los hablantes por parte de la sociedad y cómo muchas de estas normas sociales impuestas están siendo violentadas y cambiadas gradualmente por parte de los hablantes jóvenes. Como parte de esta investigación, se realizó un estudio exhaustivo sobre el tema en cuestión así como un instrumento para la recolección de datos. Este último constó de preguntas cerradas, semiabiertas y abiertas que fueron respondidas por un total de 59 informantes,
todos estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica de entre 20 y 30 años. Entre los resultados más relevantes se enfatiza la visión estereotipada de que los hombres utilizan más palabras vulgares o tabúes que las mujeres. Por lo tanto, las mujeres son asociadas a palabras que enfaticen
su feminidad y delicada naturaleza impuestas culturalmente. Otro aspecto relevante es el cambio gradual que ha sufrido la restricción en el uso de ciertas palabras por parte de hombres y mujeres en la sociedad y cómo los hablantes, independientemente de su género, están siendo poco a poco visualizados en igualdad de condiciones lingüísticas. Además, se reafirma que el condicionamiento en el uso de ciertas palabras continúa siendo una imposición cultural inconsciente en el que la familia tiene un papel protagónico. Finalmente, se evidenció que se está dando una revolución léxica gradual entre los hablantes jóvenes debido a un cambio de visión del género.
To define an individual’s lexicon according to his gender is quite common in our current society. Each speaker has acquired a particular lexicon that will identify him for the rest of his life. This particular view about a speaker’s usage of the language has motivated the researchers to investigate about it; consequently, this investigation was focused on collecting, analyzing and presenting representative aspects about the restriction of some taboo words according to the gender. Besides, some psychological restrictions imposed by society as well as gradual changes in youngsters’ lexicon are shown as part of the findings. An exhaustive literature review about the subject matter to support the theoretical part was done. To collect the data, a questionnaire was used; it included closed, semi- open and open questions that were asked to 59 students, men and women, between the ages of twenty and thirty from the Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. As part of the data analysis, it could be mentioned that there is a clear and perpetuated idea that men use more vulgar o taboo words than women. Women are seen as delicate and feminine according to society imposed norms and view. Another relevant aspect is the gradual change in the speakers’ linguistic conditions; they are allowed to use the lexicon in a more relaxed and free way. It is remarked that the linguistic conditioning is the result of a cultural imposition that is perpetuated by the family. Finally, a lexical revolution is clearly taking place among young speakers who see a slight change in the way society is visualizing the gender.
To define an individual’s lexicon according to his gender is quite common in our current society. Each speaker has acquired a particular lexicon that will identify him for the rest of his life. This particular view about a speaker’s usage of the language has motivated the researchers to investigate about it; consequently, this investigation was focused on collecting, analyzing and presenting representative aspects about the restriction of some taboo words according to the gender. Besides, some psychological restrictions imposed by society as well as gradual changes in youngsters’ lexicon are shown as part of the findings. An exhaustive literature review about the subject matter to support the theoretical part was done. To collect the data, a questionnaire was used; it included closed, semi- open and open questions that were asked to 59 students, men and women, between the ages of twenty and thirty from the Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. As part of the data analysis, it could be mentioned that there is a clear and perpetuated idea that men use more vulgar o taboo words than women. Women are seen as delicate and feminine according to society imposed norms and view. Another relevant aspect is the gradual change in the speakers’ linguistic conditions; they are allowed to use the lexicon in a more relaxed and free way. It is remarked that the linguistic conditioning is the result of a cultural imposition that is perpetuated by the family. Finally, a lexical revolution is clearly taking place among young speakers who see a slight change in the way society is visualizing the gender.
Descripción
Palabras clave
FORMAS Y GÉNEROS LITERARIOS, LÉXICO, REVOLUCIÓN, FEMINISMO, LITERARY FORMS AND GENRES, LEXICON, REVOLUTION, FEMINISM