Estudio de la actividad antioxidante y anti-inflamatoria de los extractos de la flor de jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa), empleando las técnicas de evaluación DPPH y modelo de edema de pata en roedores
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Fecha
2008-06
Autores
González Ugalde, Diego A.
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Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
La ejecución de este proyecto, permitió estudiar la relación entre la actividad antioxidante y anf-inflamatoria de los diferentes extractos de la flor de jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa).
Como estrategia metodológica, primeramente se preparó un extracto crudo de la flor de dicha planta mediante el cual se separaron sus numerosos componentes fenólicos (proantocianidinas, antocianinas, flavonoles y ácidos hidroxicinámicos). Posteriormente, este extracto fue fraccionado con el fin de conseguir la separación de dichos compuestos; para ello se utilizó la cromatografía de columna de fase reversa y exclusión, y el uso de disolventes como agua, metanol y acetona. De dicho fraccionamiento se obtuvieron cinco fracciones (A, BI, B2, B3 y
C) con los siguientes rendimientos 48; 1,6; 1,24; 0,77 y 2, 14% respectivamente. A cada una de las fracciones, así como al extracto crudo, se les determinó la concentración de polifenoles utilizando el método espectrofotométrico de Folin Ciocalteu y empleando un estándar de polifenoles obtenido directamente de la planta mediante el método de Iterbio trivalente.
Posteriormente se llevó a cabo la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante para cada una de las fracciones y extracto crudo, empleando el método del DPPH.
Los resultados de concentración de polifenoles y actividad antioxidante, fueron correlacionados utilizando el método estadístico de Pearson, presentándose una correlación significativa (casi lineal) ambos resultados, con un valor de r = 0,979, y un valor de p<0,01.
Las fracciones que exhibieron mayor concentración de polifenoles (B3 y B2), presentaron mayor actividad antioxidante y viceversa.
El proceso descrito, fue acompañado con una prueba farmacológica para determinar la capacidad anti-inflamatoria, utilizando el modelo de edema de pata inducido por carragenina.
Las fracciones se administraron en dosis diferentes, las cuales fueron calculadas a partir de los rendimientos obtenidos de cada fracción y tomando como base la dosis del extracto crudo utilizado (I ,000 mg/kg).
La fracción A se aplicó a una dosis de 480 mg/kg, las fracciones BI, B2, B3 y C se aplicaron a una dosis de 16; 12,4; 7,7 y 21,4 mg/kg respectivamente.
La fracción A, que mostró en su dosis una mayor concentración de polifenoles (10,170 mg/ml exhibió la mejor actividad anti-inflamatoria junto con el extracto crudo.
Las demás fracciones solo mostraron actividad anti-inflamatoria en la primera hora después de haber sido administradas, debido a la baja concentración de polifenoles presentes en sus dosis. La liberación de prostaglandinas, la cual ocurre en la segunda fase de la inflamación fue inhibida únicamente por la fracción A y extracto crudo, debido a la elevada de polifenoles presentes en la dosis administrada de la fracción A, y al posible efecto sinérgico de los metabolitos presentes en el extracto crudo.
La actividad anti-inflamatoria de la fracción A y extracto crudo fue similar en las dos fases de la inflamación, este hecho sugiere una similitud en su composición química, el cual se ve reflejado en el elevado rendimiento de la fracción A (48%) y en la absorbancia del UV obtenido.
The execution of this project allowed us to study the relationship between the antioxidant and anf-inflammatory activity of the different extracts of the Jamaican flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa). As a methodological strategy, firstly, a crude extract of the flower of said plant was prepared through which its numerous phenolic components (proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids) were separated. Subsequently, this extract was fractionated in order to achieve the separation of said compounds; for this, reversed phase and exclusion column chromatography was used, and the use of solvents such as water, methanol and acetone. Five fractions (A, BI, B2, B3 and C) with the following yields 48; 1.6; 1.24; 0.77 and 2.14% respectively. The concentration of polyphenols was determined in each of the fractions, as well as in the crude extract, using the Folin Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method and using a polyphenol standard obtained directly from the plant using the trivalent ytterbium method. Subsequently, the evaluation of the antioxidant activity was carried out for each of the fractions and crude extract, using the DPPH method. The results of concentration of polyphenols and antioxidant activity were correlated using the Pearson statistical method, presenting a significant correlation (almost linear) both results, with a value of r = 0.979, and a value of p <0.01. The fractions that exhibited higher concentration of polyphenols (B3 and B2), presented higher antioxidant activity and vice versa. The described process was accompanied by a pharmacological test to determine the anti-inflammatory capacity, using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The fractions were administered in different doses, which were calculated from the yields obtained from each fraction and based on the dose of the crude extract used (1,000 mg/kg). Fraction A was applied at a dose of 480 mg/kg, fractions BI, B2, B3 and C were applied at a dose of 16; 12.4; 7.7 and 21.4 mg/kg respectively. Fraction A, which showed a higher concentration of polyphenols in its dose (10,170 mg/ml), exhibited the best anti-inflammatory activity together with the crude extract. The other fractions only showed anti-inflammatory activity in the first hour after being administered, due to the low concentration of polyphenols present in their doses. The release of prostaglandins, which occurs in the second phase of inflammation, was inhibited only by fraction A and crude extract, due to the high polyphenols present in the administered dose of fraction A, and to the possible synergistic effect of the metabolites. present in the crude extract. The anti-inflammatory activity of fraction A and crude extract was similar in the two phases of inflammation, this fact suggests a similarity in their chemical composition, which is reflected in the high yield of fraction A (48%) and in the absorbance of the UV obtained.
The execution of this project allowed us to study the relationship between the antioxidant and anf-inflammatory activity of the different extracts of the Jamaican flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa). As a methodological strategy, firstly, a crude extract of the flower of said plant was prepared through which its numerous phenolic components (proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids) were separated. Subsequently, this extract was fractionated in order to achieve the separation of said compounds; for this, reversed phase and exclusion column chromatography was used, and the use of solvents such as water, methanol and acetone. Five fractions (A, BI, B2, B3 and C) with the following yields 48; 1.6; 1.24; 0.77 and 2.14% respectively. The concentration of polyphenols was determined in each of the fractions, as well as in the crude extract, using the Folin Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method and using a polyphenol standard obtained directly from the plant using the trivalent ytterbium method. Subsequently, the evaluation of the antioxidant activity was carried out for each of the fractions and crude extract, using the DPPH method. The results of concentration of polyphenols and antioxidant activity were correlated using the Pearson statistical method, presenting a significant correlation (almost linear) both results, with a value of r = 0.979, and a value of p <0.01. The fractions that exhibited higher concentration of polyphenols (B3 and B2), presented higher antioxidant activity and vice versa. The described process was accompanied by a pharmacological test to determine the anti-inflammatory capacity, using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The fractions were administered in different doses, which were calculated from the yields obtained from each fraction and based on the dose of the crude extract used (1,000 mg/kg). Fraction A was applied at a dose of 480 mg/kg, fractions BI, B2, B3 and C were applied at a dose of 16; 12.4; 7.7 and 21.4 mg/kg respectively. Fraction A, which showed a higher concentration of polyphenols in its dose (10,170 mg/ml), exhibited the best anti-inflammatory activity together with the crude extract. The other fractions only showed anti-inflammatory activity in the first hour after being administered, due to the low concentration of polyphenols present in their doses. The release of prostaglandins, which occurs in the second phase of inflammation, was inhibited only by fraction A and crude extract, due to the high polyphenols present in the administered dose of fraction A, and to the possible synergistic effect of the metabolites. present in the crude extract. The anti-inflammatory activity of fraction A and crude extract was similar in the two phases of inflammation, this fact suggests a similarity in their chemical composition, which is reflected in the high yield of fraction A (48%) and in the absorbance of the UV obtained.
Descripción
González Ulate, D. A. (2008). Estudio de la actividad antioxidante y anti-inflamatoria de los extractos de la flor de jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa), empleando las técnicas de evaluación DPPH y modelo de edema de pata en roedores. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
ANTIOXIDANTES, ANTIOXIDANTS, FENOLES, CROMATOGRAFIA, ANTINFLAMATORIOS, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY