Metodología para diagnóstico del clima organizacional en las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector transporte del cantón de Pérez Zeledón, durante el primer semestre 2020.
Fecha
2020
Autores
Álvarez Barboza, Lauren
Marín Jiménez, Melissa
Morales González, Maylid Natalia
Piedra León, Yuliana
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ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Los avances que en los últimos años se han originado en el comercio, permiten que las empresas se vuelvan más competitivas en el mercado, sin embargo, algunas de estas omiten las herramientas formales que tienen para fortalecerse y aumentar la productividad; a este respecto, el siguiente documento se centra en el estudio sobre el clima organizacional en las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector transporte del cantón de Pérez Zeledón, durante el primer semestre, 2020. Para lograr lo anterior, se planteó la interrogante: ¿Cuál es la importancia para las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector transporte de una metodología que les permita medir el clima organizacional? Si bien es cierto el éxito de una empresa se ve reflejada en la forma de interacción de quienes la constituyen, debido a que permite una buena comunicación y, por ende, satisfacción, vinculada a la productividad como tal.
A lo largo de la investigación, se presenta una serie de factores que intervienen en la percepción del clima organizacional en las empresas, lo que llevó a realizar una conceptualización de las siguientes variables: factores del clima organizacional, herramientas utilizadas para medir el clima organizacional, cultura organizacional, clima organizacional, pymes, comunicación, motivación, liderazgo, manejo de conflicto, estructura organizacional, metodología de evaluación, las cuales se eligieron a raíz de la amplia revisión de documentos, unificando dichos conceptos para ser aplicados en el cuestionario estructurado, el cual se encuentra subdividido por módulos según la variable a medir.
Los sujetos de estudio fueron cinco empresas seleccionadas del sector transporte, conformadas por la parte administrativa, misceláneos, mecánica automotriz y choferes de bus. Para la recolección de los datos, el instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario que abarcó diversas escalas, las cuales indicaban si estaban “de acuerdo o en desacuerdo” con preguntas concisas respecto a si recomendarían la empresa para trabajar. Por los resultados obtenidos se logra concluir que el clima organizacional de las empresas del sector transporte es favorable según un promedio general de las variables en estudio de un 4,19, trabajado bajo una escala de 1 a 5, donde 5 es la puntuación positiva.
A manera de conclusión, se identificó que las empresas del sector transporte tienen una cultura corporativa sólida, un liderazgo que permite las opiniones de quienes allí laboran, así como una motivación favorable que permite el desarrollo de habilidades, una comunicación efectiva y una estructura organizacional en la que se reflejan las responsabilidades de cada uno de los colaboradores.
The advances that in recent years have originated in trade, allow companies to become more competitive in the market, however, some of these omit the formal tools they have to strengthen and increase productivity; in this regard, the following document focuses on the study on the organizational climate in small and medium enterprises in the transportation sector of the canton of Perez Zeledon, during the first half of 2020. To achieve the above, the question was posed: What is the importance for small and medium-sized companies in the transportation sector of a methodology that allows them to measure the organizational climate? While it is true that the success of a company is reflected in the form of interaction of those who constitute it, because it allows good communication and, therefore, satisfaction, linked to productivity as such. Throughout the research, a series of factors are presented that intervene in the perception of the organizational climate in the companies, which led to a conceptualization of the following variables: organizational climate factors, tools used to measure organizational climate, organizational culture, organizational climate, SMEs, communication, motivation, leadership, conflict management, organizational structure, evaluation methodology, which were chosen as a result of the extensive review of documents, unifying these concepts to be applied in the structured questionnaire, which is subdivided by modules according to the variable to be measured. The subjects of the study were five companies selected from the transportation sector, made up of administrative, miscellaneous, automotive mechanics and bus drivers. For data collection, the instrument used was a questionnaire that included several scales, which indicated whether they “agreed or disagreed” with concise questions about whether they would recommend the company to work for. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the organizational climate of the companies in the transportation sector is favorable according to an overall average of the variables under study of 4.19, working on a scale of 1 to 5, where 5 is the positive score. By way of conclusion, it was identified that the companies in the transportation sector have a solid corporate culture, a leadership that allows the opinions of those who work there, as well as a favorable motivation that allows the development of skills, effective communication and an organizational structure in which the responsibilities of each of the collaborators are reflected.
The advances that in recent years have originated in trade, allow companies to become more competitive in the market, however, some of these omit the formal tools they have to strengthen and increase productivity; in this regard, the following document focuses on the study on the organizational climate in small and medium enterprises in the transportation sector of the canton of Perez Zeledon, during the first half of 2020. To achieve the above, the question was posed: What is the importance for small and medium-sized companies in the transportation sector of a methodology that allows them to measure the organizational climate? While it is true that the success of a company is reflected in the form of interaction of those who constitute it, because it allows good communication and, therefore, satisfaction, linked to productivity as such. Throughout the research, a series of factors are presented that intervene in the perception of the organizational climate in the companies, which led to a conceptualization of the following variables: organizational climate factors, tools used to measure organizational climate, organizational culture, organizational climate, SMEs, communication, motivation, leadership, conflict management, organizational structure, evaluation methodology, which were chosen as a result of the extensive review of documents, unifying these concepts to be applied in the structured questionnaire, which is subdivided by modules according to the variable to be measured. The subjects of the study were five companies selected from the transportation sector, made up of administrative, miscellaneous, automotive mechanics and bus drivers. For data collection, the instrument used was a questionnaire that included several scales, which indicated whether they “agreed or disagreed” with concise questions about whether they would recommend the company to work for. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the organizational climate of the companies in the transportation sector is favorable according to an overall average of the variables under study of 4.19, working on a scale of 1 to 5, where 5 is the positive score. By way of conclusion, it was identified that the companies in the transportation sector have a solid corporate culture, a leadership that allows the opinions of those who work there, as well as a favorable motivation that allows the development of skills, effective communication and an organizational structure in which the responsibilities of each of the collaborators are reflected.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Administración con énfasis en Recursos Humanos.
Palabras clave
PYMES, TRANSPORTE, CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL, CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL, SMEs, TRANSPORT, ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, PÉREZ ZELEDÓN (SAN JOSÉ)