Morus alba, L. una planta multiproposito para la produccion animal en Cuba
Fecha
2017-01
Autores
Martín-Martín, Giraldo Jesús
Noda-Leyva, Yolai
Pentón-Fernández, Gertrudiz
González-Ybarra, Niurca
Martínez-Peréz, Madeleidy
Diaz-Solares, Maykelis
Savón-Váldes, Lourdes Lucila
Contino-Esquijerosa, Yuvan
González-García, Eliel
Alpizar-Naranjo, Andrés
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Academia de Ciencias de Cuba
Resumen
La morera (Morus alba) pertenece al orden Urticales, familia Moraceae; en el mundo existen cerca de 950 especies. En Cuba se han introducido 22 variedades, de diferentes regiones del mundo, de las cuales se conservan 19 en el banco de germoplasma de la Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes Indio Hatuey. Los resultados que se exponen provienen del trabajo de varias instituciones científicas nacionales e internacionales y abarcan aspectos relacionados con la evaluación del germoplasma, el manejo y el rendimiento agronómico, la evaluación del potencial nutritivo del follaje fresco y conservado (composición fitoquímica, caracterización del potencial fermentativo del ensilaje, caracterización nutritiva de la harina y la actividad biológica de los extractos de morera), así como el efecto en la fisiología digestiva y el comportamiento biológico y productivo del ganado alimentado con morera. En la mayoría de los casos constituyeron los primeros resultados que se informaron en América Latina y el Caribe sobre este tema, con los primeros reportes de las características morfo-fisiológicas de las semillas cosechadas, el manejo agronómico al intercalar leguminosas temporales (Canavalia ensiformis previamente inoculada con hongos micorrízicos) para reducir las dosis de fertilizantes minerales, los elementos tecnológicos para la producción de ensilaje y harina de morera, las propiedades medicinales de los extractos, entre las que se pueden citar: la actividad enzimática, antimicrobiana, antitirosinasa, antioxidante, antinflamatoria, la presencia de ácidos grasos y la prevención de úlceras gástricas. También se ofrecen elementos importantes en la fisiología y el comportamiento productivo de especies monogástricas (aves, conejos, cuyes y cerdos) y rumiantes (ovino-caprino, búfalos, bovinos jóvenes y en desarrollo y vacas lecheras) cuando se oferta la morera en la dieta. Se ha generado un número importante de publicaciones en revistas del grupo 1 (21), grupo 2 (33) y grupo 3 (7), así como otras no periódicas (14) y electrónicas (14), varios resúmenes en congresos nacionales e internacionales (85), se han otorgado 12 premios y distinciones a los resultados obtenidos con la especie para la utilización en los sistemas agropecuarios. Además, se defendieron exitosamente 5 tesis de doctorado, 7 de maestría y 2 de diploma. Se espera que todo este trabajo sirva para una mejor utilización de esta planta en los sistemas ganaderos de Cuba y el mundo, así como para el avance del conocimiento científico.
The mulberry (Morus alba) belongs to the Urticales order, Moraceae family; there are approximately 950 species worldwide. Twenty-two varieties from different regions have been introduced into Cuba, of which 19 are conserved in the germplasm bank of the Indio Hatuey Pasture and Forage Experimental Station. The results presented here are derived from the work of several national and international scientific institutions and cover aspects related to germplasm evaluation, management and agronomic performance, the evaluation of the nutritional potential of fresh and preserved foliage (phytochemical composition, characterization of the fermentative potential of silage, nutritional characterization of flour and the biological activity of mulberry extracts), as well as the effect on the digestive physiology and biological and productive behavior of cattle fed mulberry. In most cases, these were the first results reported in Latin America and the Caribbean on this topic. These included the first reports on the morpho-physiological characteristics of harvested seeds, agronomic management when intercropping seasonal legumes (Canavalia ensiformis previously inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi) to reduce mineral fertilizer doses, technological elements for the production of silage and mulberry flour, and the medicinal properties of extracts, including enzymatic, antimicrobial, anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity, the presence of fatty acids, and the prevention of gastric ulcers. Important elements are also provided on the physiology and productive performance of monogastric species (poultry, rabbits, guinea pigs, and pigs) and ruminants (sheep and goats, buffalo, young and developing cattle, and dairy cows) when mulberry is included in their diet. A significant number of publications have been generated in group 1 (21), group 2 (33) and group 3 (7) journals, as well as other non-periodical (14) and electronic (14) journals, several summaries in national and international conferences (85), 12 prizes and distinctions have been awarded to the results obtained with the species for use in agricultural systems. In addition, 5 doctoral theses, 7 master's theses and 2 diploma theses were successfully defended. It is hoped that all this work will serve to better utilize this plant in livestock systems in Cuba and the world, as well as to advance scientific knowledge.
The mulberry (Morus alba) belongs to the Urticales order, Moraceae family; there are approximately 950 species worldwide. Twenty-two varieties from different regions have been introduced into Cuba, of which 19 are conserved in the germplasm bank of the Indio Hatuey Pasture and Forage Experimental Station. The results presented here are derived from the work of several national and international scientific institutions and cover aspects related to germplasm evaluation, management and agronomic performance, the evaluation of the nutritional potential of fresh and preserved foliage (phytochemical composition, characterization of the fermentative potential of silage, nutritional characterization of flour and the biological activity of mulberry extracts), as well as the effect on the digestive physiology and biological and productive behavior of cattle fed mulberry. In most cases, these were the first results reported in Latin America and the Caribbean on this topic. These included the first reports on the morpho-physiological characteristics of harvested seeds, agronomic management when intercropping seasonal legumes (Canavalia ensiformis previously inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi) to reduce mineral fertilizer doses, technological elements for the production of silage and mulberry flour, and the medicinal properties of extracts, including enzymatic, antimicrobial, anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity, the presence of fatty acids, and the prevention of gastric ulcers. Important elements are also provided on the physiology and productive performance of monogastric species (poultry, rabbits, guinea pigs, and pigs) and ruminants (sheep and goats, buffalo, young and developing cattle, and dairy cows) when mulberry is included in their diet. A significant number of publications have been generated in group 1 (21), group 2 (33) and group 3 (7) journals, as well as other non-periodical (14) and electronic (14) journals, several summaries in national and international conferences (85), 12 prizes and distinctions have been awarded to the results obtained with the species for use in agricultural systems. In addition, 5 doctoral theses, 7 master's theses and 2 diploma theses were successfully defended. It is hoped that all this work will serve to better utilize this plant in livestock systems in Cuba and the world, as well as to advance scientific knowledge.
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Palabras clave
MORUS ALBA, PRODUCCION DE ANIMALES, MORACEAE, AGRONOMIA, CUBA, ANIMAL PRODUCTION, AGRONOMY, MORERA BLANCA