Identificación de genogrupos de protoparvovirus y sus variantes en leucocitos de gatos domésticos del Valle Central de Costa Rica
Fecha
2024
Autores
Obando Corella, Andrea
Solórzano Morales, Antony
Jiménez-Soto, Mauricio
Dolz, Gaby
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El protoparvovirus carnívoro 1 (CPPV-1), incluye al parvovirus felino (o virus de la panleucopenia felina, FPV) y al parvovirus canino 2 (CPV-2). En la actualidad CPV-2 no se encuentra en la naturaleza como tal, sino sus variantes CPV-2a, CPV-2b y CPV-2c, que pueden infectar también al gato. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar CPPV-1 y sus variantes, como anticuerpos contra CPPV-1 en sangre de felinos domésticos del Valle Central de Costa Rica. Se recolectaron muestras de sangre de 155 gatos, y se recopilaron los siguientes datos: sexo, edad, raza, información sobre vacunación, ambiente en el que vive el animal (urbano o rural), si convive con otros gatos, estado de salud, padecimiento de enfermedades crónicas, estilo de vida (gato de interior o exterior) y lugar de procedencia. Las muestras de sangre se analizaron mediante inhibición de la hemaglutinación (IHA), técnicas moleculares (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y secuenciación). Mediante IHA se detectó anticuerpos contra CPPV-1 en todos los gatos, 112 gatos (72,3%) presentaron títulos protectivos (≥1:80). Mediante PCR en tiempo real se detectó la presencia de CPPV-1 en sangre de 42 (27,1%) gatos, ninguno presentó anemia, leucopenia o alguna enfermedad crónica, cinco (11,9%) se encontraban vacunados y tres (7,1%) presentaron una baja condición corporal, pero con apetito, y sin ningún otro síntoma o signo asociado al CPPV-1. El grupo de gatos qPCR positivo no mostró diferencias significativas con el grupo qPCR negativo con respecto a edad, sexo, estilo de vida, convivencia con otros gatos y título de anticuerpos. En diez gatos asintomáticos y saludables se logró detectar la presencia de FPV (n=2) y CPV-2c (n=8) en sangre, con similitudes nucleotídicas de 100% (GenBank M38246) y 99,8%-100% (GenBank AF401519), respectivamente.
Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1) includes feline parvovirus (or feline panleukopenia virus, FPV) and canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2). Currently, although CPV-2 is not found in nature, its variants CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV2c are found and can infect cats as well. The objective of this research was to identify CPPV-1 and its variants as antibodies against CPPV-1 in the blood of domestic cats from the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Blood samples were collected from 155 cats, along with the following data: sex, age, breed, vaccination information, the environment where the animal lives (urban or rural), coexistence with other cats, health status, any chronic diseases, lifestyle (indoor or outdoor cat), and place of origin. Blood samples were analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition assay (HIA) and molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing). Antibodies against CPPV1 were detected using HIA in all cats; a total of 112 (72.3%) had protective titers (≥1:80). Using real-time PCR, CPPV-1 was detected in the blood of 42 (27.1%) cats, none of which presented anemia, leukopenia, or any chronic disease; five (11.9%) were vaccinated, and three (7.1%) had low body condition but showed appetite and had no other symptom or sign associated with CPPV-1. The group of qPCR-positive cats did not show significant differences compared to the qPCR-negative group regarding age, sex, lifestyle, coexistence with other cats, and antibody titers. Ten asymptomatic and healthy cats showed FPV (n=2) and CPV-2c (n=8) in blood with nucleotide similarities of 100% (GenBank M38246) and 99.8%-100% (GenBank AF401519), respectively
Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1) includes feline parvovirus (or feline panleukopenia virus, FPV) and canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2). Currently, although CPV-2 is not found in nature, its variants CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV2c are found and can infect cats as well. The objective of this research was to identify CPPV-1 and its variants as antibodies against CPPV-1 in the blood of domestic cats from the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Blood samples were collected from 155 cats, along with the following data: sex, age, breed, vaccination information, the environment where the animal lives (urban or rural), coexistence with other cats, health status, any chronic diseases, lifestyle (indoor or outdoor cat), and place of origin. Blood samples were analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition assay (HIA) and molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing). Antibodies against CPPV1 were detected using HIA in all cats; a total of 112 (72.3%) had protective titers (≥1:80). Using real-time PCR, CPPV-1 was detected in the blood of 42 (27.1%) cats, none of which presented anemia, leukopenia, or any chronic disease; five (11.9%) were vaccinated, and three (7.1%) had low body condition but showed appetite and had no other symptom or sign associated with CPPV-1. The group of qPCR-positive cats did not show significant differences compared to the qPCR-negative group regarding age, sex, lifestyle, coexistence with other cats, and antibody titers. Ten asymptomatic and healthy cats showed FPV (n=2) and CPV-2c (n=8) in blood with nucleotide similarities of 100% (GenBank M38246) and 99.8%-100% (GenBank AF401519), respectively
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Palabras clave
PARVOVIRUS, VIROSIS, HEMATOLOGÍA VETERINARIA, IHA, PCR, GATO, CAT, VETERINARY HEMATOLOGY