Viabilidad financiera del crédito capital de trabajo ofrecido por BAC San José para las PYMES en Costa Rica durante el periodo 2015-2017
Fecha
2017
Autores
Esquivel Fernandez, Rudy
Mora Rodriguez, Franciny
Sandí Agüero, Veronica
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El objetivo principal de esta investigación es determinar las ventajas y desventajas de las opciones crediticias ofrecidas por el Banco BAC San José y los principales competidores de dicha entidad a nivel nacional en relación con la actividad que realizan las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES) de la Gran Área Metropolitana del sector servicios. Lo anterior con miras a comprobar el cumplimiento del artículo siete de la Ley N.º 8262 De Fortalecimiento de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas, la cual busca promover e impulsar el desarrollo y crecimiento de este sector empresarial en Costa Rica por medio de la creación de productos específicos que favorezcan su actividad. Se pretende clasificar las líneas de crédito con facilidad para capital de trabajo ofrecidas por las entidades financieras en estudio al sector PYMES, considerando el perfil del cliente ideal que debe poseer la empresa para ser sujeto de crédito. En este se deben establecer aspectos importantes, como la madurez del negocio, el récord crediticio y la estructura financiera. Además, se busca comparar las principales características de los productos de cada una de las entidades financieras con el fin de establecer la tramitología del crédito y las condiciones establecidas, entre ellas las tasas de interés, los plazos del préstamo, el tipo de moneda, la forma de pago y las garantías crediticias solicitadas como respaldo. Como aspecto final, se pretende analizar, mediante un FODA, la posición del Banco BAC San José, de cara a sus principales competidores en el mercado nacional financiero, y desde el punto de vista de los pequeños y medianos empresarios. Esto al establecer las fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas de su oferta BAC PYMES y del crédito para capital de trabajo. Para lograr lo anterior, se recopiló información tanto a nivel primario como secundario. Cabe señalar que, en el primer caso, esto se logró mediante una entrevista aplicada a personeros relevantes de las entidades financieras en estudio, directamente relacionados con la oferta que realizan en el área PYMES, al que igual que por medio de una encuesta hecha a los pequeños y medianos empresarios del sector servicios dentro de la Gran Área Metropolitana del país. Esta tesis consta de cinco capítulos, los cuales abordan distintos tópicos según la necesidad investigativa. A fin de realizar un estudio favorable, este se limita al análisis del caso de las pequeñas y medianas empresas en la Gran Área Metropolitana. El capítulo uno describe los principales aspectos metodológicos de la investigación, descripción del problema en desarrollo, principal objetivo y sus objetivos específicos; asì como, el modelo de análisis. En el capítulo dos, se describen los aspectos relevantes de la entidad bancaria Banco BAC San José, así como los de la principal competencia: Banco Nacional de Costa Rica, Banco Scotiabank y Financiera Desyfin. A su vez, se desarrolla parte del marco legal que regula a las entidades financieras y el mercado de las PYMES en Costa Rica. Por su parte, el capítulo tres describe la terminología de las variables dependientes e independientes a estudiar de acuerdo con los principales aspectos establecidos en la investigación. En el capítulo cuatro se hace una descripción del modelo de análisis, lo cual permite examinar cada uno de los objetivos planteados y conocer las opciones de líneas de crédito con facilidad para capital de trabajo ofertadas por cada una de las entidades financieras. Además, se abordan las características de dicho producto y, posteriormente, se presenta el análisis FODA con el propósito de establecer las fortalezas, las debilidades, las amenazas y las oportunidades del Banco BAC San José dentro del mercado financiero nacional. Finalmente, en el capítulo cinco se exponen las conclusiones del análisis y se determinan las recomendaciones con base en los resultados obtenidos. Además, se plantea una propuesta alterna para el Banco BAC San José con el propósito de contribuir al mejoramiento de su producto, la obtención de mejores resultados y la maximización de las utilidades de la entidad.
The main objective of this research is to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the credit options offered by Banco BAC San José and its main competitors nationwide in relation to the activities of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Greater Metropolitan Area (GMA). This is done with a view to verifying compliance with Article 7 of Law No. 8262 on the Strengthening of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, which seeks to promote and encourage the development and growth of this business sector in Costa Rica through the creation of specific products that support their activity. The objective is to classify the credit lines with working capital facilities offered by the financial institutions under study to the SME sector, considering the ideal client profile that the company must possess to qualify for credit. This study must establish important aspects such as business maturity, credit record, and financial structure. Furthermore, the main product characteristics of each financial institution are compared to establish the loan procedures and established conditions, including interest rates, loan terms, currency, payment method, and the credit guarantees required. Finally, a SWOT analysis is intended to analyze the position of Banco BAC San José relative to its main competitors in the national financial market, and from the perspective of small and medium-sized businesses. This is achieved by establishing the strengths, opportunities, weaknesses, and threats of its BAC SME offering and working capital credit. To achieve this, information was collected at both the primary and secondary levels. It should be noted that, in the first case, this was achieved through interviews with relevant officials from the financial institutions under study, directly related to their offerings in the SME sector, as well as through a survey of small and medium-sized business owners in the service sector within the Greater Metropolitan Area of the country. This thesis consists of five chapters, which address different topics according to the research need. In order to conduct a favorable study, this is limited to the analysis of the case of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Greater Metropolitan Area. Chapter one describes the main methodological aspects of the research, a description of the problem under development, the main objective and its specific objectives, as well as the analysis model. Chapter two describes relevant aspects of the banking institution Banco BAC San José, as well as those of its main competitors: Banco Nacional de Costa Rica, Banco Scotiabank, and Financiera Desyfin. It also develops part of the legal framework that regulates financial institutions and the SME market in Costa Rica. Chapter three describes the terminology of the dependent and independent variables to be studied in accordance with the main aspects established in the research. Chapter four describes the analysis model, which allows for examining each of the objectives and understanding the options for easy credit lines for working capital offered by each of the financial institutions. In addition, the characteristics of this product are addressed, and then a SWOT analysis is presented to determine the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities of Banco BAC San José within the national financial market. Finally, chapter five presents the conclusions of the analysis and makes recommendations based on the results. An alternative proposal for Banco BAC San José is also presented to contribute to the improvement of its product, achieve better results, and maximize the bank's profits.
The main objective of this research is to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the credit options offered by Banco BAC San José and its main competitors nationwide in relation to the activities of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Greater Metropolitan Area (GMA). This is done with a view to verifying compliance with Article 7 of Law No. 8262 on the Strengthening of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, which seeks to promote and encourage the development and growth of this business sector in Costa Rica through the creation of specific products that support their activity. The objective is to classify the credit lines with working capital facilities offered by the financial institutions under study to the SME sector, considering the ideal client profile that the company must possess to qualify for credit. This study must establish important aspects such as business maturity, credit record, and financial structure. Furthermore, the main product characteristics of each financial institution are compared to establish the loan procedures and established conditions, including interest rates, loan terms, currency, payment method, and the credit guarantees required. Finally, a SWOT analysis is intended to analyze the position of Banco BAC San José relative to its main competitors in the national financial market, and from the perspective of small and medium-sized businesses. This is achieved by establishing the strengths, opportunities, weaknesses, and threats of its BAC SME offering and working capital credit. To achieve this, information was collected at both the primary and secondary levels. It should be noted that, in the first case, this was achieved through interviews with relevant officials from the financial institutions under study, directly related to their offerings in the SME sector, as well as through a survey of small and medium-sized business owners in the service sector within the Greater Metropolitan Area of the country. This thesis consists of five chapters, which address different topics according to the research need. In order to conduct a favorable study, this is limited to the analysis of the case of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Greater Metropolitan Area. Chapter one describes the main methodological aspects of the research, a description of the problem under development, the main objective and its specific objectives, as well as the analysis model. Chapter two describes relevant aspects of the banking institution Banco BAC San José, as well as those of its main competitors: Banco Nacional de Costa Rica, Banco Scotiabank, and Financiera Desyfin. It also develops part of the legal framework that regulates financial institutions and the SME market in Costa Rica. Chapter three describes the terminology of the dependent and independent variables to be studied in accordance with the main aspects established in the research. Chapter four describes the analysis model, which allows for examining each of the objectives and understanding the options for easy credit lines for working capital offered by each of the financial institutions. In addition, the characteristics of this product are addressed, and then a SWOT analysis is presented to determine the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities of Banco BAC San José within the national financial market. Finally, chapter five presents the conclusions of the analysis and makes recommendations based on the results. An alternative proposal for Banco BAC San José is also presented to contribute to the improvement of its product, achieve better results, and maximize the bank's profits.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Administración con énfasis en Gestión Financiera
Palabras clave
CRÉDITO, CREDIT, PYMES, BANKS, BANCOS
