Procesos de formación de gestores comunitarios de vivienda y el diseño participativo de una unidad habitacional. La experiencia de las comunidades de San Antonio de Nicoya, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Fecha
2016
Autores
Gutiérrez Hernández, Anayudel
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica). Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias
Resumen
Una vivienda digna mejora directamente la calidad de vida de las personas que la
habitan. Influye en la estabilidad familiar, en la salud física y emocional, y en la
capacidad de trabajo, entre otros aspectos. Si una casa es constructivamente
segura y su diseño responde de manera adecuada a los requerimientos climáticos
y culturales del medio, entonces contribuye al desarrollo local, pues se convierte
en un bien valioso y que dignifica al entorno comunitario. Con la formación de un
Comité Distrital de Vivienda de San Antonio (Codivisa) en Nicoya, Guanacaste, se
procura participar activamente en las dinámicas comunitarias e institucionales
para generar una movilización hacia el desarrollo humano con enfoque local.
Las capacidades y características locales son el insumo primordial para el proceso
formativo que desarrolla este trabajo final de graduación (TFG). La aptitud para la
auto-organización, el aprendizaje colectivo y la experiencia en el diseño
participativo de una unidad habitacional brindan las capacidades al Codivisa para
impulsar iniciativas para reducir el déficit habitacional.
La implementación de este TFG se caracteriza por ser flexible en su metodología.
Se procura integrar el conocimiento de las personas participantes sobre las
características de la zona que habitan y su destreza en técnicas constructivas de la
arquitectura tradicional. Por este motivo se adecúan la metodología y
conceptualización dentro del TFG a las necesidades surgidas durante el proceso
participativo.
Las herramientas metodológicas que se utilizan son tomadas de procesos socioeducativos y forman parte de la proyección del diseño. Estas herramientas
proporcionan espacios de aprendizaje cooperativo y se complementan con un
componente lúdico. Este proceso de diseño requiere paciencia y tiempo, puesto
que toma en consideración los resultados obtenidos con las diversas técnicas que se utilizaron para caracterizar la vivienda idónea, como el mapeo comunitario,
maqueta de vivienda, entrevista y otros recursos audiovisuales.
An adequate and decent home directly improves the life quality of its occupants. It has an effect on family stability, on people’s physical and emotional health, and on their working capacity, among other aspects. When a house construction system is safe and its design responds adequately to climate and cultural context, it becomes a contribution for local development, since it constitutes a dignifying asset for the community environment. The establishing of the San Antonio District Housing Committee (Codivisa) in Nicoya, Guanacaste, strives to actively participate in community and institutional dynamics in order to forward human development with a local focus. The Local capabilities and characteristics are the primary inputs in the formative process developed by this Graduate Final Work (TFG). Capabilities in selforganization, collective learning and participative design of a housing unit enable Codivisa to explore financing opportunities for actions that can help to reduce the housing shortage in the district. The implementation of this TFG stands out for its flexible or adaptive methodology. The project seeks to join the participants’ knowledge of their home area attributes and their skills in construction from the traditional building techniques. This is the reason for adapting the methodology and conceptualization of the TFG to the needs that arise during the participative process. The chosen methodology tools come from social-educational experiences. These tools are integrated in the creative process of the architectural design, and they provide the spaces for participants to learn from each other, complementing this learning experience with a ludic component. This design process requires time and patience, since it takes into account inputs from the different techniques that help to reach the optimal housing unit. The main techniques are community mapping, construction of scale models and interviews.
An adequate and decent home directly improves the life quality of its occupants. It has an effect on family stability, on people’s physical and emotional health, and on their working capacity, among other aspects. When a house construction system is safe and its design responds adequately to climate and cultural context, it becomes a contribution for local development, since it constitutes a dignifying asset for the community environment. The establishing of the San Antonio District Housing Committee (Codivisa) in Nicoya, Guanacaste, strives to actively participate in community and institutional dynamics in order to forward human development with a local focus. The Local capabilities and characteristics are the primary inputs in the formative process developed by this Graduate Final Work (TFG). Capabilities in selforganization, collective learning and participative design of a housing unit enable Codivisa to explore financing opportunities for actions that can help to reduce the housing shortage in the district. The implementation of this TFG stands out for its flexible or adaptive methodology. The project seeks to join the participants’ knowledge of their home area attributes and their skills in construction from the traditional building techniques. This is the reason for adapting the methodology and conceptualization of the TFG to the needs that arise during the participative process. The chosen methodology tools come from social-educational experiences. These tools are integrated in the creative process of the architectural design, and they provide the spaces for participants to learn from each other, complementing this learning experience with a ludic component. This design process requires time and patience, since it takes into account inputs from the different techniques that help to reach the optimal housing unit. The main techniques are community mapping, construction of scale models and interviews.
Descripción
Palabras clave
DESARROLLO DE LA COMUNIDAD, GESTIÓN, PARTICIPACIÓN COMUNITARIA, CONSTRUCCIONES RURALES
Citación
Gutiérrez-Hernández, A. (2016). Procesos de formación de gestores comunitarios de vivienda y el diseño participativo de una unidad habitacional. La experiencia de las comunidades de San Antonio de Nicoya, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. (Tesis de Maestría). Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica