Influencia de las vivencias sociales y culturales en el estrés de los adultos mayores del grupo ″Experiencia en Acción”, San Isidro, Pérez Zeledón, 2010
Fecha
2010
Autores
Picado Calderón, Lucrecia
Lazo Paniagua, Georgina
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Las vivencias sociales y culturales de los adultos mayores para efectos de esta investigación determinan e identifican la influencia del estrés que experimentan, por ser este un sector vulnerable de la población. Como se menciona en la construcción teórica de la investigación las vivencias constituyen aquellas experiencias que viven las personas y que de alguna manera entran a formar parte de su carácter o entorno modificando su comportamiento social y cultural; es decir, el núcleo familiar, el proceso de transición de trabajador a jubilado, la relación social, los mitos, recreación, ocio y rechazo social. Por ende, las vivencias y la forma en que el adulto mayor las enfrente dependerán de su influencia y del estrés que estos experimenten durante la vejez. La investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cualitativo, con el fin de conocer y comprender como viven, qué piensan y cómo se comportan las personas en su ambiente usual, relacionados con las vivencias de los sujetos de estudio, para determinar la influencia que estas tienen en el estrés que experimentan. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante dos instrumentos, el primero fue aplicado a la totalidad del grupo, y permitió determinar la posible muestra de la investigación, el segundo fue una guía de entrevista a profundidad aplicada a los sujetos seleccionados, el cual contenía preguntas relacionadas con los temas de interés en el desarrollo de la investigación, luego se realizó un análisis mediante diagramas debidamente interpretados. Por lo tanto, las conclusiones finales más sobresalientes del estudio fueron que el adulto mayor al mantenerse activo y constante ha logrado minimizar la influencia de las vivencias sociales y culturales en el estrés, por lo que la adaptación a los cambios ha sido favorable para su calidad de vida. Además, es notable la resistencia por parte del adulto mayor a expresarse con respecto a su sexualidad y del desarrollo pleno de esta. Así mismo, las enfermedades que enfrentan no son limitantes para desenvolverse socialmente, casi en cualquier ambiente de manera independiente, lo que colabora positivamente en el desarrollo de su autonomía.
The social and cultural experiences of older adults for the purposes of this research determine and identify the influence of the stress they experience, as this is a vulnerable sector of the population. As mentioned in the theoretical construction of the research, the experiences constitute those that people live and that somehow become part of their character or environment by modifying their social and cultural behavior; that is, the family nucleus, the transition process from worker to retiree, the social relationship, the myths, recreation, leisure and social rejection. Therefore, the experiences and the way in which the older adult faces them will depend on their influence and the stress they experience during old age. The research was developed under a qualitative approach, in order to know and understand how people live, what they think and how they behave in their usual environment, related to the experiences of the subjects of study, to determine the influence that these have on the stress they experience. Data collection was carried out by means of two instruments, the first was applied to the whole group, and allowed to determine the possible sample of the investigation, the second was an in-depth interview guide applied to the selected subjects, which contained questions related to the topics of interest in the development of the investigation, then an analysis was carried out by means of diagrams properly interpreted. Therefore, the most outstanding final conclusions of the study were that the older adult, by remaining active and constant, has managed to minimize the influence of social and cultural experiences on stress, so that the adaptation to changes has been favorable to their quality of life. In addition, the resistance of the older adult to express themselves with respect to their sexuality and its full development is notable. Likewise, the illnesses they face are not limitations to their social development, almost in any environment in an independent way, which collaborates positively in the development of their autonomy.
The social and cultural experiences of older adults for the purposes of this research determine and identify the influence of the stress they experience, as this is a vulnerable sector of the population. As mentioned in the theoretical construction of the research, the experiences constitute those that people live and that somehow become part of their character or environment by modifying their social and cultural behavior; that is, the family nucleus, the transition process from worker to retiree, the social relationship, the myths, recreation, leisure and social rejection. Therefore, the experiences and the way in which the older adult faces them will depend on their influence and the stress they experience during old age. The research was developed under a qualitative approach, in order to know and understand how people live, what they think and how they behave in their usual environment, related to the experiences of the subjects of study, to determine the influence that these have on the stress they experience. Data collection was carried out by means of two instruments, the first was applied to the whole group, and allowed to determine the possible sample of the investigation, the second was an in-depth interview guide applied to the selected subjects, which contained questions related to the topics of interest in the development of the investigation, then an analysis was carried out by means of diagrams properly interpreted. Therefore, the most outstanding final conclusions of the study were that the older adult, by remaining active and constant, has managed to minimize the influence of social and cultural experiences on stress, so that the adaptation to changes has been favorable to their quality of life. In addition, the resistance of the older adult to express themselves with respect to their sexuality and its full development is notable. Likewise, the illnesses they face are not limitations to their social development, almost in any environment in an independent way, which collaborates positively in the development of their autonomy.
Descripción
Tesis presentada en la División de Educación, Sede Región Brunca, Universidad Nacional para optar por el grado de Licenciatura en Orientación
Palabras clave
ANCIANOS, CALIDAD DE VIDA, JUBILACION, ESTRES, ELDERS, QUALITY OF LIFE, RETIREMENT, STRESS