Análisis del desempeño en la gestión de riesgo a desastre desde una construcción institucional: Caso de la Municipalidad de Heredia, periodo 2014-2020
Fecha
2022-08-29
Autores
Atencio Monge, Melissa de los Ángeles
Delgado Cascante, Jessenia de los Ángeles
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente estudio se desarrolló a partir del análisis de investigaciones universitarias, de lecturas que abordan el tema de Gestión de Riesgo y de la información que brindó la Municipalidad de Heredia y líderes comunales, esto permitió la construcción del tema y la propuesta de mejora.
Esta investigación se basa en analizar el desempeño en la gestión de riesgo a desastre desde una construcción institucional: Caso de la Municipalidad de Heredia, periodo 2014-2020. Dentro de los objetivos propuestos en esta indagación se logró identificar el conocimiento de riesgo a desastres que se tiene en la Municipalidad de Heredia, también conocer las medidas de mitigación de riesgo a desastres que aplican, igualmente se describen los mecanismos de respuesta a los desastres y por último se concluye con la elaboración de una estrategia en planificación para el mejoramiento en el desempeño institucional en la gestión de riesgo a desastres.
La metodología que se utilizó en esta investigación es de enfoque cualitativo, el cual brindará un nuevo conocimiento que será de utilidad en el futuro, este enfoque usa la recolección de datos, para descubrir o afinar preguntas de investigación en el mañana y de tipo participativo. Para obtener los datos se realizaron diferentes entrevistas, todas de manera virtual a Vicealcaldesa, a la anterior Vicealcaldesa y a la directora de inversión pública de la Municipalidad de Heredia, como también a principales líderes comunales que están vinculados con el tema de gestión de riesgo a desastres (GRD).
Estas entrevistas se realizaron con el fin de conocer las diferentes percepciones de las personas vinculantes al tema, también saber la manera en la que se ha trabajado el tema de la gestión de riesgo a desastres, estas entrevistas fueron la principal herramienta para poder elaborar la propuesta.
Posteriormente, de toda la información que se obtuvo, se hizo un análisis inferencial estratégico para así poder trabajar con la propuesta de mejoramiento; este análisis se basa en conocer las diferentes unidades estratégicas en las que debe trabajar la Municipalidad de Heredia, como cada problemática y situación presente derivadas de las unidades estratégicas y con la información anterior poder brindar las acciones estratégicas que se deben realizar.
La propuesta de la investigación tiene como objetivo primordial brindarle a la Municipalidad de Heredia una estratégica en planificación para que el tema de la GDR sea fortalecido en sus lineamientos y así contar con una Municipalidad que trabaja en la GDR. La finalidad de esta propuesta es que la Municipalidad trabaje en sus debilidades derivadas de la evaluación del desempeño en la GDR y así lograr de este un gobierno local que cuenta con los conocimientos y las herramientas necesarias para evitar un desastre o para la preparación en caso de uno, de igual manera hacer de esta Municipalidad una de las pocas a nivel nacional que trabaja el tema de GDR desde una perspectiva diferente y que genere resultados positivos para toda la población.
La propuesta cuenta con un plan de acción que contempla los ejes estratégicos, los objetivos estratégicos de estos ejes, también las actividades por realizar y las metas por cumplir. De igual forma se incluyeron los indicadores, la programación de las actividades y los responsables más aptos para cada actividad.
Para finalizar se realizan las conclusiones del tema que van dirigidas a la Municipalidad de Heredia, las cuales son el resultado del análisis del proceso investigativo.
También se hicieron las recomendaciones pertinentes al tema, las cuales buscan que la Municipalidad aborde de manera más precisa la Gestión de Riesgo a desastres.
This study was developed from the analysis of university research, readings that address the issue of Risk Management and the information provided by the Municipality of Heredia and community leaders, this allowed the construction of the theme and the improvement proposal. This research is based on analyzing the performance in disaster risk management from an institutional construction: Case of the Municipality of Heredia, period 2014-2020. Within the objectives proposed in this investigation, it was possible to identify the knowledge of disaster risk that the Municipality of Heredia has, as well as to know the disaster risk mitigation measures that they apply, as well as the disaster response mechanisms and Finally, it concludes with the development of a planning strategy to improve institutional performance in disaster risk management The methodology used in this research is a qualitative approach, which will provide new knowledge that will be useful in the future, this approach uses data collection to discover or refine research questions in the future and participatory. To obtain the data, different interviews were conducted, all virtually, with the Vice Mayor, the former Vice Mayor and the Director of Public Investment of the Municipality of Heredia, as well as with the main community leaders who are linked to the issue of disaster risk management. (DRG) These interviews were carried out in order to know the different perceptions of the people linked to the subject, as well as to know the way in which the subject of disaster risk management has been worked on, these interviews were the main tool to be able to elaborate the proposal. Subsequently, from all the information that was obtained, a strategic inferential analysis was made in order to be able to work with the improvement proposal; This analysis is based on knowing the different strategic units in which the Municipality of Heredia must work, as well as each problem and present situation derived from the strategic units and with the previous information, to be able to provide the strategic actions that must be carried out. The primary objective of the research proposal is to provide the Municipality of Heredia with a planning strategy so that the issue of DRM is strengthened in its guidelines and thus have a Municipality that works on DRM. The purpose of this proposal is for the Municipality to work on its weaknesses derived from the performance evaluation in the DRM and thus achieve a local government that has the necessary knowledge and tools to avoid a disaster or to prepare in the event of a disaster. one, in the same way to make this Municipality one of the few at the national level that works on the issue of DRM from a different perspective and that generates positive results for the entire population. The proposal has an action plan that includes the strategic axes, the strategic objectives of these axes, as well as the activities to be carried out and the goals to be met. In the same way, the indicators, the programming of the activities and the most suitable responsible for each activity were included. The proposal has an action plan that includes the strategic axes, the strategic objectives of these axes, as well as the activities to be carried out and the goals to be met. In the same way, the indicators, the programming of the activities and the most suitable responsible for each activity were included. Recommendations pertinent to the subject were also made, which seek for the Municipality to address Disaster Risk Management more precisely.
This study was developed from the analysis of university research, readings that address the issue of Risk Management and the information provided by the Municipality of Heredia and community leaders, this allowed the construction of the theme and the improvement proposal. This research is based on analyzing the performance in disaster risk management from an institutional construction: Case of the Municipality of Heredia, period 2014-2020. Within the objectives proposed in this investigation, it was possible to identify the knowledge of disaster risk that the Municipality of Heredia has, as well as to know the disaster risk mitigation measures that they apply, as well as the disaster response mechanisms and Finally, it concludes with the development of a planning strategy to improve institutional performance in disaster risk management The methodology used in this research is a qualitative approach, which will provide new knowledge that will be useful in the future, this approach uses data collection to discover or refine research questions in the future and participatory. To obtain the data, different interviews were conducted, all virtually, with the Vice Mayor, the former Vice Mayor and the Director of Public Investment of the Municipality of Heredia, as well as with the main community leaders who are linked to the issue of disaster risk management. (DRG) These interviews were carried out in order to know the different perceptions of the people linked to the subject, as well as to know the way in which the subject of disaster risk management has been worked on, these interviews were the main tool to be able to elaborate the proposal. Subsequently, from all the information that was obtained, a strategic inferential analysis was made in order to be able to work with the improvement proposal; This analysis is based on knowing the different strategic units in which the Municipality of Heredia must work, as well as each problem and present situation derived from the strategic units and with the previous information, to be able to provide the strategic actions that must be carried out. The primary objective of the research proposal is to provide the Municipality of Heredia with a planning strategy so that the issue of DRM is strengthened in its guidelines and thus have a Municipality that works on DRM. The purpose of this proposal is for the Municipality to work on its weaknesses derived from the performance evaluation in the DRM and thus achieve a local government that has the necessary knowledge and tools to avoid a disaster or to prepare in the event of a disaster. one, in the same way to make this Municipality one of the few at the national level that works on the issue of DRM from a different perspective and that generates positive results for the entire population. The proposal has an action plan that includes the strategic axes, the strategic objectives of these axes, as well as the activities to be carried out and the goals to be met. In the same way, the indicators, the programming of the activities and the most suitable responsible for each activity were included. The proposal has an action plan that includes the strategic axes, the strategic objectives of these axes, as well as the activities to be carried out and the goals to be met. In the same way, the indicators, the programming of the activities and the most suitable responsible for each activity were included. Recommendations pertinent to the subject were also made, which seek for the Municipality to address Disaster Risk Management more precisely.
Descripción
Palabras clave
HEREDIA (COSTA RICA), GOBIERNO LOCAL, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, PREVENCIÓN DE DESASTRES, DISASTER PREVENTION, PLANIFICACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA, STRATEGIC PLANNING, GESTIÓN, MANAGEMENT