Almacenamiento de carbono orgánico del suelo bajo cobertura de pastos y plantaciones forestales jóvenes de Tectona grandis L.f y Gmelina arborea Robx. en la región huetar norte, Costa Rica
Fecha
2024-02
Autores
Cortés Cortés, Mónica Lizbeth
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El carbono del suelo representa el 73.8 % de lo encontrado en ecosistemas terrestres, así el uso de la tierra afecta el equilibrio entre la entrada y la salida, mostrando pérdidas o ganancias. En el estudio se evaluó el carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) hasta una profundidad de 100 cm en pastos y plantaciones forestales jóvenes de Tectona grandis L.f y Gmelina arborea Roxb. Se obtuvo 144 muestras provenientes de ocho fincas de pasto, cuatro de teca y cuatro de melina, con edad de tres meses y tres años. La evaluación se realizó a tres profundidades. Se implementaron pruebas t de student para determinar diferencias estadísticas. En cada finca, se describió la vegetación sobre el suelo. [Resultados]: Las principales especies en pastos fueron Hemarthria altissima, Ischaemum indicum y Homolepis aturensis. A los tres meses, la teca y melina obtuvieron un COS de 270 y 278 Mg*ha-1 que se redujo a 258 y 261 Mg*ha-1 a los tres años. El carbono orgánico de los pastos adyacentes a las plantaciones forestales fue de 244, 245, 240 y 269 Mg*ha-1, para teca y melina a tres meses y tres años, respectivamente. La profundidad de 0 a 30 cm presentó mayor contenido de carbono que la de 30-60 y 60-100 cm. Finalmente, el porcentaje de carbono orgánico tiende a disminuir conforme aumenta la densidad aparente. No se encontraron diferencias entre los sistemas en la primera profundidad, donde la cobertura vegetal tiene un aporte inmediato al suelo.
Soil carbon represents 73.8 % of that found in terrestrial ecosystems, so land use affects the balance between input and output, showing losses or gains. The study evaluated soil organic carbon (COS) up to a depth of 100 cm in pastures and young forest plantations of Tectona grandis L.f and Gmelina arborea Roxb. A total of 144 samples were obtained from eight pasture, four teak and four melina plantations, aged three months and three years. The evaluation was carried out at three depths. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistical differences. On each farm, above ground vegetation was described. [Results]: The main species in grasses were Hemarthria altissima, Ischaemum indicum and Homolepis aturensis. At three months, teak and melina obtained a COS of 270 and 278 Mg*ha-1 which decreased to 258 and 261 Mg*ha-1 at three years. The organic carbon of pastures adjacent to forest plantations was 244, 245, 240 and 269 Mg*ha-1, for teak and melina at three months and three years, respectively. The depth from 0 to 30 cm presented higher carbon content than those from 30-60 and 60-100 cm. Finally, the percentage of organic carbon tended to decrease as the bulk density increased. No differences were found between the systems at the first depth, where the vegetation cover has an immediate contribution to the soil.
Soil carbon represents 73.8 % of that found in terrestrial ecosystems, so land use affects the balance between input and output, showing losses or gains. The study evaluated soil organic carbon (COS) up to a depth of 100 cm in pastures and young forest plantations of Tectona grandis L.f and Gmelina arborea Roxb. A total of 144 samples were obtained from eight pasture, four teak and four melina plantations, aged three months and three years. The evaluation was carried out at three depths. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistical differences. On each farm, above ground vegetation was described. [Results]: The main species in grasses were Hemarthria altissima, Ischaemum indicum and Homolepis aturensis. At three months, teak and melina obtained a COS of 270 and 278 Mg*ha-1 which decreased to 258 and 261 Mg*ha-1 at three years. The organic carbon of pastures adjacent to forest plantations was 244, 245, 240 and 269 Mg*ha-1, for teak and melina at three months and three years, respectively. The depth from 0 to 30 cm presented higher carbon content than those from 30-60 and 60-100 cm. Finally, the percentage of organic carbon tended to decrease as the bulk density increased. No differences were found between the systems at the first depth, where the vegetation cover has an immediate contribution to the soil.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Ciencias Forestales con énfasis en Manejo Forestal y con modalidad: artículo cientifico
Palabras clave
TECA, TEAK, MELINA, TECTONA GRANDIS L.F, GMELINA ARBOREA ROBX., PLANTACIONES FORESTALES, FOREST PLANTATIONS