Aproximaciones a los procesos psicosociales que participan en la configuración de los estilos de vida saludables, desde una perspectiva de casos
Fecha
2007
Autores
Bolaños Chaves, Angie
Chinchilla Chacón, Sonia
León Ávila, Karina
Rivera Avendaño, Natalia
Tucker Johnson, Heilin
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este seminario tuvo como objetivo principal analizar el papel que juegan los procesos psicosociales en la configuración de los estilos de vida saludables, desde una perspectiva de casos, identificando los procesos y transformaciones socio-históricas, que intervienen en la configuración de los estilos de vida y las prácticas que se manifiestan respecto a la salud, así como el impacto que en ellos podrían tener las acciones de distintos profesionales y proyectos en el campo de la salud. A través del análisis hermenéutico-dialéctico, como enfoque metodológico se buscó comprender la realidad como un proceso, con un concepto holista del ser humano, considerando determinantes de la salud desde el nivel individual, del micromedio y el nivel macrosocial como un todo que participa en esa configuración. Se trató de reconocer la relación existente entre lo subjetivo y el contexto sociocultural, como punto de referencia para la interpretación tanto de los casos analizados como de las perspectivas de profesionales y proyectos del área de la salud investigados. El aporte del seminario se sintetiza en el abordaje del problema identificado a través de un proceso de comprobación entre el discurso de los (as) participantes y las posturas teóricas utilizadas para la investigación, apelando a la transdisciplinariedad para intentar clarificar el fenómeno investigado, con lineamientos de la psicología de la salud como campo de acción de la psicología, respecto al estilo de vida y bajo una perspectiva de análisis histórico - cultural, siguiendo los objetivos planteados. La síntesis interpretativa de esta investigación cualitativa, permitió acercarse a las vivencias y experiencias de los casos, desde una visión holística, por lo que los resultados y las conclusiones evidenciaron que la comprensión de una persona no está aislada, sino en interrelación con su realidad circundante e histórica-social y que, resulta necesario trascender al estudio holístico del estilo de vida para llegar a resultados valiosos donde la dialéctica entre individuo y ambiente se conviertan en el instrumento de la persona para elaborar una conciencia individual y subjetiva que le permita disponer de lo que quiere para sí misma y lo que considera provechoso para su vida. Prácticas, factores motivacionales e incluso los mismos constructos de “salud” y de “estilo de vida saludable” analizados, resultaron claramente permeados por la realidad socio-histórica de los involucrados; lo cual subraya la imposibilidad de homogenizar los componentes de “un estilo de vida saludable” y empuja más bien a “pluralizar” el concepto en correspondencia con un sin fin de condicionantes que participan en la definición de la intención-significado y sentido de los estilos de vida y su posible caracterización de “saludables”.
The main objective of this seminar was to analyze the role of psychosocial processes in shaping healthy lifestyles, using a case study approach. It identified the socio-historical processes and transformations that influence these lifestyles and health practices, as well as the potential impact of actions by various health professionals and projects. Through a hermeneutic-dialectical approach, the seminar sought to understand reality as a process, adopting a holistic view of the human being. This approach considered the determinants of health at the individual, micro-environmental, and macro-social levels, all of which contribute to this process. The seminar aimed to recognize the relationship between subjectivity and the sociocultural context as a point of reference for interpreting both the analyzed cases and the perspectives of the health professionals and projects under investigation. The seminar's contribution lies in addressing the identified problem through a process of verification between the participants' discourse and the theoretical positions used in the research. This involved a transdisciplinary approach to clarify the phenomenon under investigation, drawing on the principles of health psychology as a field of action within psychology, specifically regarding lifestyle, and adopting a historical-cultural perspective, in accordance with the stated objectives. The interpretive synthesis of this qualitative research allowed for a holistic understanding of the participants' experiences. The results and conclusions demonstrated that a person's understanding is not isolated but rather interconnected with their surrounding historical and social reality. Furthermore, it is necessary to move beyond a holistic study of lifestyle to achieve valuable results where the interplay between individual and environment becomes the instrument for individuals to develop a subjective and personal consciousness that empowers them to choose what they want for themselves and what they consider beneficial for their lives. Practices, motivational factors, and even the very constructs of "health" and "healthy lifestyle" analyzed were clearly permeated by the socio-historical reality of those involved; which underlines the impossibility of homogenizing the components of "a healthy lifestyle" and instead pushes us to "pluralize" the concept in accordance with an endless number of conditions that participate in defining the intention, meaning, and sense of lifestyles and their possible characterization as "healthy."
The main objective of this seminar was to analyze the role of psychosocial processes in shaping healthy lifestyles, using a case study approach. It identified the socio-historical processes and transformations that influence these lifestyles and health practices, as well as the potential impact of actions by various health professionals and projects. Through a hermeneutic-dialectical approach, the seminar sought to understand reality as a process, adopting a holistic view of the human being. This approach considered the determinants of health at the individual, micro-environmental, and macro-social levels, all of which contribute to this process. The seminar aimed to recognize the relationship between subjectivity and the sociocultural context as a point of reference for interpreting both the analyzed cases and the perspectives of the health professionals and projects under investigation. The seminar's contribution lies in addressing the identified problem through a process of verification between the participants' discourse and the theoretical positions used in the research. This involved a transdisciplinary approach to clarify the phenomenon under investigation, drawing on the principles of health psychology as a field of action within psychology, specifically regarding lifestyle, and adopting a historical-cultural perspective, in accordance with the stated objectives. The interpretive synthesis of this qualitative research allowed for a holistic understanding of the participants' experiences. The results and conclusions demonstrated that a person's understanding is not isolated but rather interconnected with their surrounding historical and social reality. Furthermore, it is necessary to move beyond a holistic study of lifestyle to achieve valuable results where the interplay between individual and environment becomes the instrument for individuals to develop a subjective and personal consciousness that empowers them to choose what they want for themselves and what they consider beneficial for their lives. Practices, motivational factors, and even the very constructs of "health" and "healthy lifestyle" analyzed were clearly permeated by the socio-historical reality of those involved; which underlines the impossibility of homogenizing the components of "a healthy lifestyle" and instead pushes us to "pluralize" the concept in accordance with an endless number of conditions that participate in defining the intention, meaning, and sense of lifestyles and their possible characterization as "healthy."
Descripción
Licenciatura en Psicología
Palabras clave
ESTUDIOS DE CASOS, ESTILOS DE VIDA, PSICOLOGÍA MÉDICA, PROCESOS SOCIALES, CASE STUDIES, LIFESTYLES, MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL PROCESSES
