La novela histórica: los mundos posibles y la ficción literaria
Fecha
2024-01-01
Autores
Camacho Guzmán, Gustavo
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La primera parte de este breve libro, el profesor Gustavo Camacho Guzmán la dedica a algunos de los problemas fundamentales, desde la perspectiva teórica, a propósito de los debates sobre la noción de novela histórica. Las discusiones giran en torno a media docena de aspectos: sobre las premisas y alcances de la referencialidad de la ficción literaria, sobre los procesos discursivos que establecen afinidades o distancias entre ficción e historia, sobre ese discurso como género literario sumado a los de la tradición retórica, sobre las diversas modalidades y direcciones que la noción y su práctica se manifiestan en las literaturas regionales o nacionales, sobre el papel que procura el ejercicio literario mismo de la novela histórica en su respectivo contexto; en suma, sobre la condición misma de la institución literaria. Nuestro autor atiende las voces de pensadores, críticos literarios, teorizadores y escritores; de la academia europea Althusser, Bessière, Carr, Cross, Doležel, García Gual, Grützmacher, Harshaw, Lukács, Schoentjes; del ámbito hispanoamericano, cita a Aínsa, a Durán Luzio, a Guardia, a Jitrik, a Márquez Rodríguez, a Méndez de Penedo, a los que suma las contribuciones desde la academia costarricense de Acevedo Mojica, Chacón, Montero, Pérez, Ramírez, Salas y Zavala. La campaña que se emprende en este nuevo título que ofrece la Colección Cilampa se sitúa en un conjunto de problemas de mayor calado: los estudios contemporáneos sobre la literatura de Costa Rica desde aproximaciones que abarquen, a su vez, dos grandes orientaciones de trabajo: (1) la relectura, desde el pensamiento teórico y crítico actual, de obras relativamente añejas, que en su momento fueron objeto de exagerada ponderación o de escarnio (la novela El crimen de Alberto Lobo es muestra de alguno de estos extremos); (2) la factura con que la crítica contemporánea podría revisar la constitución del canon literario nacional; el extendido (el consolidado) y el que está en plena etapa de formación. Es decir, las relaciones entre la literatura costarricense «clásica» (o de un pasado relativamente ya lejano) y la contemporánea, correspondiente a los últimos cuarenta o cincuenta años. En la segunda parte del tomo Camacho Guzmán se detiene en una de las manifestaciones más llamativas de la novela histórica, pasada por alto durante muchos años, no obstante, su ingularidad tanto literaria como política: la breve novela El crimen de Alberto Lobo. Su autor la firmó —quizá con entendible precaución en esos años— como Lorenzo Jiménez. En modesta edición y en la ya conocida imprenta Trejos, de San José, la publicó Gonzalo Chacón Trejos en 1928, su primera obra de índole literaria. Para Camacho Guzmán es «una novela difícil de clasificar dentro de los cánones de la novela histórica, puesto que acude a la ironía y al humor para desacreditar el discurso del Estado y de la historia nacionales, cuando por la fecha de publicación se trata de un texto más cercano a la novela histórica tradicional». El objetivo que se plantea es reconocer, describir e interpretar una obra que ficcionaliza «el problema de la representación literaria que recibe la historia, en este caso, la historia costarricense». Para ello, hace un detenido recuento del contexto histórico-político cuando los acontecimientos llevaron a un golpe de Estado contra el presidente González Flores y sus consecuencias: los hermanos Tinoco en el poder y su posterior derrumbe, incluidos un asesinato (Joaquín, el del ministro de Guerra) y el forzado exilio del presidente (Federico). En seguida, se describen e reinterpretan los procedimientos, recursos temáticos, configuración de los personajes y otros aspectos de la ficción narrativa, que Camacho Guzmán integra entre los mundos posibles y la ficción literaria, tal el título general de su estudio.
In the first part of this brief book, Professor Gustavo Camacho Guzmán devotes it to some of the fundamental problems, from a theoretical perspective, regarding the debates on the notion of the historical novel. The discussions revolve around half a dozen aspects: on the premises and scope of the referentiality of literary fiction, on the discursive processes that establish affinities or distances between fiction and history, on that discourse as a literary genre added to those of the rhetorical tradition, on the various modalities and directions that the notion and its practice are manifested in regional or national literatures, on the role that seeks the literary exercise itself of the historical novel in its respective context; in short, on the very condition of the literary institution. Our author attends to the voices of thinkers, literary critics, theorists and writers; from the European academy Althusser, Bessière, Carr, Cross, Doležel, García Gual, Grützmacher, Harshaw, Lukács, Schoentjes; from the Latin American field, he cites Aínsa, Durán Luzio, Guardia, Jitrik, Márquez Rodríguez, Méndez de Penedo, to which he adds the contributions from the Costa Rican academy of Acevedo Mojica, Chacón, Montero, Pérez, Ramírez, Salas and Zavala.The campaign undertaken in this new title offered by the Cilampa Collection is situated in a set of problems of greater depth: contemporary studies on Costa Rican literature from approaches that encompass, in turn, two major work orientations: (1) the re-reading, from the current theoretical and critical thinking, of relatively old works, which in their time were the object of exaggerated weighting or scorn (the novel El crimen de Alberto Lobo is an example of one of these extremes); (2) the invoice with which contemporary criticism could review the constitution of the national literary canon; the extended one (the consolidated one) and the one that is in full formation stage. That is to say, the relations between the “classic” Costa Rican literature (or of a relatively distant past) and the contemporary one, corresponding to the last forty or fifty years. In the second part of the volume Camacho Guzman dwells on one of the most striking manifestations of the historical novel, overlooked for many years, despite its literary and political singularity: the short novel El crimen de Alberto Lobo (The Crime of Alberto Lobo). Its author signed it -perhaps with understandable caution in those years- as Lorenzo Jiménez. Gonzalo Chacón Trejos published it in 1928 in a modest edition in the already well-known Trejos printing house in San José, his first literary work. For Camacho Guzmán it is “a novel difficult to classify within the canons of the historical novel, since it resorts to irony and humor to discredit the discourse of the State and national history, when, due to the date of publication, it is a text closer to the traditional historical novel”. The objective is to recognize, describe and interpret a work that fictionalizes “the problem of the literary representation of history, in this case, Costa Rican history”. To do so, it makes a detailed account of the historical-political context when the events led to a coup d'état against President González Flores and its consequences: the Tinoco brothers in power and its subsequent collapse, including an assassination (Joaquín, that of the Minister of War) and the forced exile of the president (Federico). Next, the procedures, thematic resources, character configuration and other aspects of narrative fiction are described and reinterpreted, which Camacho Guzmán integrates between possible worlds and literary fiction, as is the general title of his study.
In the first part of this brief book, Professor Gustavo Camacho Guzmán devotes it to some of the fundamental problems, from a theoretical perspective, regarding the debates on the notion of the historical novel. The discussions revolve around half a dozen aspects: on the premises and scope of the referentiality of literary fiction, on the discursive processes that establish affinities or distances between fiction and history, on that discourse as a literary genre added to those of the rhetorical tradition, on the various modalities and directions that the notion and its practice are manifested in regional or national literatures, on the role that seeks the literary exercise itself of the historical novel in its respective context; in short, on the very condition of the literary institution. Our author attends to the voices of thinkers, literary critics, theorists and writers; from the European academy Althusser, Bessière, Carr, Cross, Doležel, García Gual, Grützmacher, Harshaw, Lukács, Schoentjes; from the Latin American field, he cites Aínsa, Durán Luzio, Guardia, Jitrik, Márquez Rodríguez, Méndez de Penedo, to which he adds the contributions from the Costa Rican academy of Acevedo Mojica, Chacón, Montero, Pérez, Ramírez, Salas and Zavala.The campaign undertaken in this new title offered by the Cilampa Collection is situated in a set of problems of greater depth: contemporary studies on Costa Rican literature from approaches that encompass, in turn, two major work orientations: (1) the re-reading, from the current theoretical and critical thinking, of relatively old works, which in their time were the object of exaggerated weighting or scorn (the novel El crimen de Alberto Lobo is an example of one of these extremes); (2) the invoice with which contemporary criticism could review the constitution of the national literary canon; the extended one (the consolidated one) and the one that is in full formation stage. That is to say, the relations between the “classic” Costa Rican literature (or of a relatively distant past) and the contemporary one, corresponding to the last forty or fifty years. In the second part of the volume Camacho Guzman dwells on one of the most striking manifestations of the historical novel, overlooked for many years, despite its literary and political singularity: the short novel El crimen de Alberto Lobo (The Crime of Alberto Lobo). Its author signed it -perhaps with understandable caution in those years- as Lorenzo Jiménez. Gonzalo Chacón Trejos published it in 1928 in a modest edition in the already well-known Trejos printing house in San José, his first literary work. For Camacho Guzmán it is “a novel difficult to classify within the canons of the historical novel, since it resorts to irony and humor to discredit the discourse of the State and national history, when, due to the date of publication, it is a text closer to the traditional historical novel”. The objective is to recognize, describe and interpret a work that fictionalizes “the problem of the literary representation of history, in this case, Costa Rican history”. To do so, it makes a detailed account of the historical-political context when the events led to a coup d'état against President González Flores and its consequences: the Tinoco brothers in power and its subsequent collapse, including an assassination (Joaquín, that of the Minister of War) and the forced exile of the president (Federico). Next, the procedures, thematic resources, character configuration and other aspects of narrative fiction are described and reinterpreted, which Camacho Guzmán integrates between possible worlds and literary fiction, as is the general title of his study.
Descripción
Serie CILAMPA
Palabras clave
NOVELA COSTARRICENSE, LITERATURA COSTARRICENSE, NOVELA HISTORICA, COSTA RICAN NOVEL, COSTA RICAN LITERATURE, HISTORICAL NOVEL