Caracterización de la comunidad avifaunística de la Escuela de Agricultura de la Región del Trópico Húmedo (EARTH) - La Flor, Liberia, Guanacaste
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Fecha
2009
Autores
Centeno Córdoba, María Soledad
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Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El presente trabajo se llevo a cabo en la Universidad EARTH La Flor, Liberia, Guanacaste, en los meses de marzo a noviembre del 2007. Los objetivos fueron: caracterizar ecológicamente la comunidad avifaunística de la Escuela de Agricultura de la Región del Trópico Húmedo-La Flor, Liberia, Guanacaste, con el fin de establecer estrategias de manejo adecuadas; determinar la biodiversidad de aves; describir la comunidad de aves asociada en las diferentes coberturas; identificar las aves que potencialmente pueden ser controladores biológicos de los insectos plagas en los cultivos y recomendar pautas para el manejo y conservación de la avifauna del área de estudio. Se seleccionaron cuatro coberturas de muestreo: Bosque Ribereño (BR), Mango-Cítrico (MC), Caña-Banano (CB) y Potrero (Po). En cada sitio se utilizaron los caminos preestablecidos como transectos. A 50 m del borde de los transectos se efectúo el muestreo con el método de conteo por punto con un radio de 28.21 m, situados a intervalos de 250 m. En cada punto de conteo se registró durante 5 minutos la biodiversidad de las especies de aves presentes y el hábitat. Con un esfuerzo aproximado de 164.7hr de observación directa, el total de individuos muestreados fue de 1649, registrándose 106 especies pertenecientes a 42 familias, de las cuales 80 son residentes (2 realizan migraciones altitudinales y el 6 movimientos locales) y 18 son especies migratorias latitudinales. Se determinó según el Reglamento de la Ley de Conservación de la Vida Silvestre ocho especies amenazadas y una considerada como plaga; y de acuerdo a CITES dos especies pertenecen al apéndice I. La avifauna asociada a las cuatro coberturas posee una marcada preferencia por áreas abiertas y de cultivos, es favorecida por la deforestación y presenta la influencia de fres zonas avifaunísticas (Bosque Tropical Deciduo, Bosque Tropical Siempre Verde y Bosque Subfropical Siempre Verde). En relación con el Gremio Trófico, la avifauna de este sitio se caracteriza tanto por ser insectívora como frugívora. La mayor diversidad de especies se encontró en la CB y BR, al mismo tiempo éstos concordaron en similitud y equitatividad en las comunidades de las aves. El análisis Cluster mostró cinco grandes agrupaciones. La curva de acumulación no llego a la asíntota. Considerando lo anterior, es necesario estrategias de conservación, protección y regeneración del hábitat, ya que la mayoría de la avifauna registrada en este estudio requiere de éstas áreas a pesar de su grado de alteración.
This work was carried out at the EARTH La Flor University, Liberia, Guanacaste, from March to November 2007. The objectives were: to ecologically characterize the avifaunistic community of the School of Agriculture of the Humid Tropics Region-La Flor, Liberia, Guanacaste, in order to establish adequate management strategies; determine bird biodiversity; describe the bird community associated with the different covers; identify the birds that can potentially be biological controllers of insect pests in crops and recommend guidelines for the management and conservation of the avifauna of the study area. Four sampling covers were selected: Riparian Forest (BR), Mango-Citrus (MC), Cane-Banana (CB) and Pasture (Po). In each site, the pre-established paths were used as transects. At 50 m from the edge of the transects, sampling was carried out with the point count method with a radius of 28.21 m, located at intervals of 250 m. At each count point, the biodiversity of the bird species present and the habitat was recorded for 5 minutes. With an approximate effort of 164.7 hours of direct observation, the total number of individuals sampled was 1,649, registering 106 species belonging to 42 families, of which 80 are residents (2 carry out altitudinal migrations and 6 local movements) and 18 are migratory species. latitudinal. According to the Regulations of the Wildlife Conservation Law, eight threatened species and one considered a pest were determined; and according to CITES two species belong to appendix I. The avifauna associated with the four covers has a marked preference for open areas and crops, is favored by deforestation and has the influence of three avifaunistic zones (Tropical Deciduous Forest, Tropical Forest Evergreen and Evergreen Subtropical Forest). In relation to the Trophic Guild, the avifauna of this site is characterized by both being insectivorous and frugivorous. The greatest diversity of species was found in the CB and BR, at the same time they agreed in similarity and equitability in the communities of birds. Cluster analysis showed five large clusters. The accumulation curve did not reach the asymptote. Considering the above, habitat conservation, protection and regeneration strategies are necessary, since most of the birdlife recorded in this study requires these areas despite their degree of alteration.
This work was carried out at the EARTH La Flor University, Liberia, Guanacaste, from March to November 2007. The objectives were: to ecologically characterize the avifaunistic community of the School of Agriculture of the Humid Tropics Region-La Flor, Liberia, Guanacaste, in order to establish adequate management strategies; determine bird biodiversity; describe the bird community associated with the different covers; identify the birds that can potentially be biological controllers of insect pests in crops and recommend guidelines for the management and conservation of the avifauna of the study area. Four sampling covers were selected: Riparian Forest (BR), Mango-Citrus (MC), Cane-Banana (CB) and Pasture (Po). In each site, the pre-established paths were used as transects. At 50 m from the edge of the transects, sampling was carried out with the point count method with a radius of 28.21 m, located at intervals of 250 m. At each count point, the biodiversity of the bird species present and the habitat was recorded for 5 minutes. With an approximate effort of 164.7 hours of direct observation, the total number of individuals sampled was 1,649, registering 106 species belonging to 42 families, of which 80 are residents (2 carry out altitudinal migrations and 6 local movements) and 18 are migratory species. latitudinal. According to the Regulations of the Wildlife Conservation Law, eight threatened species and one considered a pest were determined; and according to CITES two species belong to appendix I. The avifauna associated with the four covers has a marked preference for open areas and crops, is favored by deforestation and has the influence of three avifaunistic zones (Tropical Deciduous Forest, Tropical Forest Evergreen and Evergreen Subtropical Forest). In relation to the Trophic Guild, the avifauna of this site is characterized by both being insectivorous and frugivorous. The greatest diversity of species was found in the CB and BR, at the same time they agreed in similarity and equitability in the communities of birds. Cluster analysis showed five large clusters. The accumulation curve did not reach the asymptote. Considering the above, habitat conservation, protection and regeneration strategies are necessary, since most of the birdlife recorded in this study requires these areas despite their degree of alteration.
Descripción
Centeno Córdoba, M. S. (2009). Caracterización de la comunidad avifaunística de la Escuela de Agricultura de la Región del Trópico Húmedo (EARTH) - La Flor, Liberia, Guanacaste. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
EARTH, AVES, BIRDS, BIODIVERSIDAD, BIODIVERSITY, MANEJO DE LA FAUNA, CONTROL DE PLAGAS, GUANACASTE (COSTA RICA)