Prevención Primaria de los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria en mujeres adolescentes
Fecha
2024-06-13
Autores
Alpízar Matamoros, Marianella
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Los mandatos sociales, principalmente aquellos dirigidos hacia los cuerpos,
permanecen y marcan la historia de la humanidad mediante discursos de poder que establecen
los parámetros del ideal de belleza según el tiempo y el espacio en el que se encuentren (Gómez,
2020). En los últimos años, se ha instaurado una cultura “fitness” la cual propone un ideal de
cuerpos “perfectos”, es decir cuerpos ejercitados, moldeados y saludables. Según Gómez
(2020) la presión por cumplir con los estereotipos de belleza desarrolla preocupaciones y
problemas en la salud mental, principalmente los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (en
adelante TCA). La Asociación Nacional de los Desordenes Alimentarios (NEDA, por sus siglas
en inglés) ubicada en Estados Unidos reúne diferentes estudios de las tasas de incidencia y
prevalencia de los TCA, que es necesario mencionar para entender la necesidad de generar
proyectos relacionados a la prevención de los TCA. Una de las investigaciones más relevantes
es la de Hudson et al. en el 2007 en la que indica que 8 282 personas, aproximadamente 20
millones de mujeres y 10 millones de hombres en los Estados Unidos tienen un trastorno de la
conducta alimentaria clínicamente significativo en algún momento de sus vidas.
El Colegio de Profesionales en Psicología de Costa Rica (2019) afirma que más de 70
millones de personas se ven afectadas por un TCA mundialmente. Asimismo, de acuerdo con
la Organización Mundial de la Salud, estos trastornos representan al problema de salud que
más muertes ocasiona (Vargas, 2013, p. 475). Cualquier persona puede ser víctima de un TCA,
sin embargo, las mujeres son las que estadísticamente están más expuestas a padecerlo. “Entre
el 4% y el 20% de las mujeres jóvenes practican patrones poco saludables de dieta, purga y
atracones.” (párr. 5), menciona el Colegio de Profesionales en Psicología de Costa Rica (2019).
Por esta razón, existe una incidencia de género que recalca la necesidad de investigar las causas
que afectan e influyen en mayor medida a las mujeres.
Social mandates, mainly those directed towards bodies, remain and mark the history of humanity through power discourses that establish the parameters of the ideal of beauty according to the time and space in which they are found (Gómez, 2020). In recent years, a "fitness" culture has been established which proposes an ideal of "perfect" bodies, that is, exercised, shaped and healthy bodies. According to Gómez (2020), the pressure to comply with beauty stereotypes develops concerns and problems in mental health, mainly Eating Disorders (hereinafter TCA). The National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) located in the United States brings together different studies on the incidence and prevalence rates of TCA, which must be mentioned in order to understand the need to generate projects related to the prevention of TCA. One of the most relevant investigations is that of Hudson et al. in 2007, which indicates that 8,282 people, approximately 20 million women and 10 million men in the United States have a clinically significant eating disorder at some point in their lives. The College of Psychologists of Costa Rica (2019) states that more than 70 million people are affected by an eating disorder worldwide. Likewise, according to the World Health Organization, these disorders represent the health problem that causes the most deaths (Vargas, 2013, p. 475). Anyone can be a victim of an eating disorder, however, women are statistically more exposed to suffering from it. “Between 4% and 20% of young women practice unhealthy patterns of dieting, purging, and binge eating.” (paragraph 5), mentions the College of Psychologists of Costa Rica (2019). For this reason, there is a gender impact that highlights the need to investigate the causes that affect and influence women to a greater extent.
Social mandates, mainly those directed towards bodies, remain and mark the history of humanity through power discourses that establish the parameters of the ideal of beauty according to the time and space in which they are found (Gómez, 2020). In recent years, a "fitness" culture has been established which proposes an ideal of "perfect" bodies, that is, exercised, shaped and healthy bodies. According to Gómez (2020), the pressure to comply with beauty stereotypes develops concerns and problems in mental health, mainly Eating Disorders (hereinafter TCA). The National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) located in the United States brings together different studies on the incidence and prevalence rates of TCA, which must be mentioned in order to understand the need to generate projects related to the prevention of TCA. One of the most relevant investigations is that of Hudson et al. in 2007, which indicates that 8,282 people, approximately 20 million women and 10 million men in the United States have a clinically significant eating disorder at some point in their lives. The College of Psychologists of Costa Rica (2019) states that more than 70 million people are affected by an eating disorder worldwide. Likewise, according to the World Health Organization, these disorders represent the health problem that causes the most deaths (Vargas, 2013, p. 475). Anyone can be a victim of an eating disorder, however, women are statistically more exposed to suffering from it. “Between 4% and 20% of young women practice unhealthy patterns of dieting, purging, and binge eating.” (paragraph 5), mentions the College of Psychologists of Costa Rica (2019). For this reason, there is a gender impact that highlights the need to investigate the causes that affect and influence women to a greater extent.
Descripción
Palabras clave
TRASTORNO DEL APETITO, APPETITE DISORDER, TRASTORNOS DE LA PERSONALIDAD, PERSONALITY DISORDERS, PERSONALITY DISORDERS, IMAGEN CORPORAL, BODY IMAGE, MUJERES, WOMEN