Parásitos gastrointestinales y Dictyocaulus viviparus en bovinos jóvenes de fincas lecheras de Tilarán (Guanacaste) y Alfaro Ruiz (Alajuela)
Fecha
2008-02-08
Autores
Alfaro Paniagua, Ricardo
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Se realizó un estudio transversal para determinar la frecuencia, la prevalencia y la
intensidad de infección de parásitos gastrointestinales y de Dictyocaulus viviparus, en bovinos de
fincas lecheras de Tilarán y Alfaro Ruiz. Asimismo se describieron las prácticas de manejo y
control antihelmíntico. En 29 fincas se recolectaron muestras fecales pareadas a intervalos de 15
días, durante dos periodos: de menor y mayor precipitación. Un total de 919 muestras de terneras,
fueron procesadas por las técnicas coprológicas de Sheather, Baermann, McMaster modificado y
coprocultivo. Los parásitos gastrointestinales más prevalentes y frecuentemente detectados para
Tilarán (periodo I; periodo II) estuvieron representados por Strongylida (80.4%; 75.1%) y
Eimeria spp. (56.2%; 91.2%); similarmente en Alfaro Ruiz, los más prevalentes fueron
Strongylida (77.5%; 69.7%) y Eimeria spp. (93.2%; 87.7%). Diferencias significativas (p <0.05)
entre periodos fueron encontradas para Eimeria spp., en ambas áreas. En Tilarán los mayores
promedios de infección de los nematodos gastrointestinales fueron para Strongylida con valores
de 411.4 y 348.0 h.p.g., para el periodo I y II, respectivamente. También en Alfaro Ruiz, los
promedios de infección fueron para los Strongylida con valores de 247.2 y 258.5 h.p.g., para el
periodo I y II, respectivamente. Haemonchus spp., fue el parásito más prevalente identificado por
coprocultivo, tanto para Tilarán como para Alfaro Ruiz. El nematodo pulmonar D. viviparus fue
poco prevalente en Tilarán (periodo I: 0.0%; periodo II: 0.5%), y en Alfaro Ruiz (periodo I: 0.4%;
periodo I: 0.0%). Se observó que en las fincas analizadas se hace un uso irracional de los
antihelmínticos, sin ningún criterio que permita formular un adecuado programa de control
antihelmíntico.
A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the frequency, prevalence and intensity of infection of gastrointestinal parasites and of Dictyocaulus viviparus, in dairy cattle farms located in the counties of Tilarán and Alfaro Ruiz. Also the management practices and anthelmintic control was described. Fecal samples twice were collected each 15 days during periods of low and high rainfall. A total of 919 samples of calves were processed by the coprological techniques of Sheather, Baermann, modified McMaster and coproculture. The gastrointestinal parasites more prevalent detected in Tilarán (period I; period II) were represented by Strongylida (80.4%; 75.1%) and Eimeria spp. (56.2%; 91.2%), similarity in Alfaro Ruiz, Strongylida (77.5%; 69.7%) and Eimeria spp. (93.2%; 87.7%), showe the most high prevalences. On both areas, significant differences between periods for Eimeria spp., was found. In Tilarán, the highes averages of infection with the gastrointestinal nematodes were for Strongylida with values ranged of 411.4 and 348.0 h.p.g., in the period I and II, respectively. On Alfaro Ruiz the most high infection averages were for Strongylida with values ranged of 247.2 and 258.5 h.p.g., in the period I and II, respectively. Haemonchus spp., was the more prevalent parasite identified by coproculture, in both areas. The lungworm D. viviparus was low prevalent in Tilarán (period I: 0.0%; period II: 0.5%), and in Alfaro Ruiz (period I: 0.4%; period I: 0.0%). In general was observed that the majority of the farms analized made an irrational use of the antihelmintics without any appropriate program of control.
A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the frequency, prevalence and intensity of infection of gastrointestinal parasites and of Dictyocaulus viviparus, in dairy cattle farms located in the counties of Tilarán and Alfaro Ruiz. Also the management practices and anthelmintic control was described. Fecal samples twice were collected each 15 days during periods of low and high rainfall. A total of 919 samples of calves were processed by the coprological techniques of Sheather, Baermann, modified McMaster and coproculture. The gastrointestinal parasites more prevalent detected in Tilarán (period I; period II) were represented by Strongylida (80.4%; 75.1%) and Eimeria spp. (56.2%; 91.2%), similarity in Alfaro Ruiz, Strongylida (77.5%; 69.7%) and Eimeria spp. (93.2%; 87.7%), showe the most high prevalences. On both areas, significant differences between periods for Eimeria spp., was found. In Tilarán, the highes averages of infection with the gastrointestinal nematodes were for Strongylida with values ranged of 411.4 and 348.0 h.p.g., in the period I and II, respectively. On Alfaro Ruiz the most high infection averages were for Strongylida with values ranged of 247.2 and 258.5 h.p.g., in the period I and II, respectively. Haemonchus spp., was the more prevalent parasite identified by coproculture, in both areas. The lungworm D. viviparus was low prevalent in Tilarán (period I: 0.0%; period II: 0.5%), and in Alfaro Ruiz (period I: 0.4%; period I: 0.0%). In general was observed that the majority of the farms analized made an irrational use of the antihelmintics without any appropriate program of control.
Descripción
Modalidad: Tesis
Palabras clave
BOVINOS, PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA, TILARAN (GUANACASTE), ALFARO RUIZ (ALAJUELA)