Ehrlichia spp. y Rickettsia spp. en sangre y ectoparásitos de caninos que visitan áreas recreativas de Costa Rica
Fecha
2014-03-11
Autores
Barrantes González, Alexánder
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Esta investigación constituye el primer estudio transversal que combina las técnicas
diagnósticas de la Inmunocromatografía de Membrana (ICM), Inmunofluorescencia Indirecta
(IFI), Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) y secuenciación molecular, para la
detección de diferentes especies de Ehrlichia circulantes en 441 perros y sus ectoparásitos, que
visitaron parques recreativos distribuidos en todas las regiones socioeconómicas de Costa
Rica. Se determinó, para E. canis, una seroprevalencia de 32,1% (131/408), una prevalencia
del 3,2% (13/407) y un porcentaje de garrapatas PCR positivas del 6,9% (9/130). Además, se
estableció un 29,7% (121/407) de perros con infección pasada, un 2,5% (10/407) con
infección persistente y un 0,7% (3/407) con infección aguda. Se establecieron hallazgos
hemopatológicos significativos en las diferentes fases clínicas de la ehrlichiosis, en la
infección persistente (anemia y leucopenia), en la infección pasada (anemia, trombocitopenia,
linfopenia y monocitopenia) y en la infección aguda (trombocitosis y linfopenia). Además, se
asociaron los siguientes factores de riesgo con seropositividad a E. canis: la edad (), actitud
depresiva, llenado capilar lento, índice poblacional canino (), índices mayores a 3,1 de
infestación con garrapatas; mientras que la raza pura se determinó como un factor protectivo.
Los factores de riesgo asociados a perros PCR positivos fueron: actitud depresiva, membranas
mucosas muy pálidas, fiebre, índice poblacional canino (1-2) e índices mayores a 2,1 de
infestación con garrapatas; y los factores de riesgo asociados a perros con garrapatas PCR
positivas fueron: llenado capilar lento, sospecha del veterinario de ehrlichiosis y
administración de un tratamiento fundamentado en dicha sospecha.
This research constitutes the first transversal study that combines various diagnostic techniques, such as Membrane Immunochromatography (MIC), Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and molecular sequencing to detect different Ehrlichia species circulating in 441 dogs and their ectoparasites that visited recreational parks in different socioeconomic regions of Costa Rica. A seroprevalence of 32,1% (131/408), PCR prevalence of 3,2% (13/407), and percentage of 6,9% (9/130) PCR positive ticks for E. canis was determined. A past infection with E. canis was established in 29,7% (121/407) of the dogs, whereas only 2,5% (10/407) and 0,7% (3/407) of the dogs showed a persistent and acute infection, respectively. Significant hemopathological findings were determined in all clinical stages of ehrlichiosis: persistent infection (anemia and leucopenia), past infection (anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia and monocytopenia) and acute infection (thrombocytosis and lymphopenia). Furthermore, the following risk factors were associated with E. canis seropositivity: age (), depressive attitude, delayed capillary refill time, canine population index (), tick infestation index higher than 3,1; while the pure breed was determined as a protective factor. Risk factors associated with E. canis PCR-positive dogs were: depressive attitude, very pale mucous membranes, fever, dog population index (1-2) and tick infestation index higher than 2,1, whereas risk factors associated with dogs with E. canis PCR-positive ticks were: delayed capillary refill time, that vet had suspected ehrlichiosis and that the dog received treatment for suspected ehrlichiosis.
This research constitutes the first transversal study that combines various diagnostic techniques, such as Membrane Immunochromatography (MIC), Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and molecular sequencing to detect different Ehrlichia species circulating in 441 dogs and their ectoparasites that visited recreational parks in different socioeconomic regions of Costa Rica. A seroprevalence of 32,1% (131/408), PCR prevalence of 3,2% (13/407), and percentage of 6,9% (9/130) PCR positive ticks for E. canis was determined. A past infection with E. canis was established in 29,7% (121/407) of the dogs, whereas only 2,5% (10/407) and 0,7% (3/407) of the dogs showed a persistent and acute infection, respectively. Significant hemopathological findings were determined in all clinical stages of ehrlichiosis: persistent infection (anemia and leucopenia), past infection (anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia and monocytopenia) and acute infection (thrombocytosis and lymphopenia). Furthermore, the following risk factors were associated with E. canis seropositivity: age (), depressive attitude, delayed capillary refill time, canine population index (), tick infestation index higher than 3,1; while the pure breed was determined as a protective factor. Risk factors associated with E. canis PCR-positive dogs were: depressive attitude, very pale mucous membranes, fever, dog population index (1-2) and tick infestation index higher than 2,1, whereas risk factors associated with dogs with E. canis PCR-positive ticks were: delayed capillary refill time, that vet had suspected ehrlichiosis and that the dog received treatment for suspected ehrlichiosis.
Descripción
Modalidad: Tesis
Palabras clave
PERRO, EHRLICHIA, ECTOPARASITOS, SANGRE, DIAGNOSTICO DE LABORATORIO, PRUEBAS DE LABORATORIO, REACCION DE CADENA DE LA POLIMERASA, COSTA RICA