Caracterización Espectral y Detección de Flecha Seca en Palma Africana en Puntarenas, Costa Rica
Fecha
2018-07-31
Autores
Martínez Barbáchano, Rubén
Solís Miranda, Gustavo Adolfo
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La agricultura de precisión en las últimas décadas ha visto notables avances técnicos que han permitido un mejor manejo de las explotaciones agrícolas, optimizando recursos e insumos aplicados. En el ámbito de la geomática, los sensores ópticos terrestres han permitido profundizar y ampliar el conocimiento del comportamiento espectral de los cultivos en estudio, con beneficios cada vez mayores en aplicación de tratamientos y prevención de enfermedades y/o plagas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la palma africana (Elaeis guineensis jacq.) por medio de espectro-radiometría de campo, en plantas sanas y afectadas por la flecha seca. El estudio se efectuó entre marzo y mayo de 2016 en fincas de palma africana, ubicadas en Parrita de Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Se utilizó un sensor terrestre hiperespectral con un rango de longitud de onda abarcado de 325 a 1075 nanómetros (espectro visible e infrarrojo cercano). En general, las plantas en condición fitosanitaria sana, que además tuvieron un tratamiento de “fertilización+riego”, presentaron las curvas de reflectividad más elevadas, en torno a un ٠,٧٪. La influencia por flecha seca en la curva de reflectancia de las plantas tuvo un mayor peso, en la mayoría de los casos, que el tipo de tratamiento al que están sometidas. Se confirma así la posibilidad de detectar la patología de flecha seca mediante espectroscopía de reflectancia en condiciones de trabajo de campo, objetivo principal de la presente investigación.
During the last decades, precision agriculture has observed significant technical progress that has permitted better management of farming, optimizing resources and applied inputs. Within the scope of geomatics, land optical sensors have allowed to expand and increase knowledge on the spectral behavior of the crops under study, providing increased benefits in the application of treatments and pest or disease prevention. The objective of this work was to characterize the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), by means of field radiometry-spectrum, in healthy plants, as well as in plants affected by bud rot. The study was conducted between March and May 2016 in African oil palm farms in Parrita, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. A hyperspectral land sensor, with a 325-1075 nm wavelength range (visible and near-infrared spectrum), was used. In general, plants in healthy phytosanitary condition, which also had a treatment of “fertilization+irrigation”, presented the highest reflectivity curves: around 0.7%. The bud rot influence in the reflectance curve of the plants had, in most cases, a greater weight than the type of treatment to which they are subjected. It thus confirms the possibility of detecting the bud rot pathology through reflectance spectroscopy in conditions of field work, the main goal of this research.
During the last decades, precision agriculture has observed significant technical progress that has permitted better management of farming, optimizing resources and applied inputs. Within the scope of geomatics, land optical sensors have allowed to expand and increase knowledge on the spectral behavior of the crops under study, providing increased benefits in the application of treatments and pest or disease prevention. The objective of this work was to characterize the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), by means of field radiometry-spectrum, in healthy plants, as well as in plants affected by bud rot. The study was conducted between March and May 2016 in African oil palm farms in Parrita, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. A hyperspectral land sensor, with a 325-1075 nm wavelength range (visible and near-infrared spectrum), was used. In general, plants in healthy phytosanitary condition, which also had a treatment of “fertilization+irrigation”, presented the highest reflectivity curves: around 0.7%. The bud rot influence in the reflectance curve of the plants had, in most cases, a greater weight than the type of treatment to which they are subjected. It thus confirms the possibility of detecting the bud rot pathology through reflectance spectroscopy in conditions of field work, the main goal of this research.
Descripción
Texto completo del documento
Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, ESPECTROSCOPÍA, SPECTROSCOPY, REFLECTANCIA MULTIESPECTRAL, MULTISPECTRAL REFLECTANCE, TELEDETECCIÓN, TELEDETECTION