El comercio internacional de Costa Rica en el período 1960-1975: la política de comercio internacional de Costa Rica y los resultados de su aplicación en el período 1960-1975
Fecha
1982
Autores
Tiffer Sotomayor, Ernesto
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El objeto de investigación del presente trabajo presenta algunas peculiaridades de orden metodológico, derivadas de la conceptualización de la "Política de Comercio Internacional", la cual constituye el punto de partida y concluyente da este trabajo.
Esta situación exige, desde ahora una explicación de la forma en que este trabajo ha sido estructurado.
Partamos para esto de la relación entre causa y efecto, y forma y con- tenido y tratemos de analizar estas relaciones al tema central de este trabajo, es decir la política del Comercio Internacional.
Por la amplitud y a la vez precisión teórica, trataré de lograr este propósito, fundamentando el análisis en la definición que de Política Económica Internacional nos ofrece Antonio J. González y Domingo Felipe Maza Zavala, en su Tratado Moderno de Economía General, quienes al respecto señalan: "Pueden considerarse dos aspectos generales de la Política Económica Internacional: la acción decidida y conducida por cada Estado nacional para orientar, regular o modificar los flujos de mercancías, servicios y factores originados en el propio país o procedentes del resto del mundo; la acción multinacional, o sea, de varios Estados nacionales, bien sea directamente bien a través de organismos creados al efecto, tendiente a orientar, regular o modificar los mencionados flujos a nivel mundial o regional (entendiéndose en este caso por región un conjunto determinado de países vinculados por alguna circunstancia o acuerdo)".
Para allanar el camino que nos conducirá a la comprensión de la estructura de este trabajo, trataré de darle una interpretación a esta definición.
Notemos primero que para los dos aspectos generales de la definición, los autores sostienen la orientación, regulación o modificación de los flujos de mercancías, servicios y factores.
Si partimos de la posición de la Teoría clásica del Comercio Internacional, según la cual este comercio se origina en la especialización que resulta de la utilización de las ventajas comparativas, podemos empezar a descubrir entonces una relación muy estrecha entre la estructura productiva de una nación (basada en la especialización) y la estructura de su comercio Internacional (en el que tratará de utilizar sus ventajas comparativas).
La forma en que esa nación orienta el flujo de mercancías, servicios y factores hacia el exterior, y las regulaciones necesarias para que la orientación que se le quiera dar a ese flujo se traduzca en beneficios concretos, dependerá entonces de las características de los bienes, servicios y factores producidos; pero sobre todo de la forma y el medio en que son producidos, es decir, dependen del grado de desarrollo de esa nación y de la estructura productiva que le corresponda en un momento dado.
The object of research of the present work presents some methodological peculiarities, derived from the conceptualization of "International Trade Policy", which constitutes the starting and concluding point of this work. This situation requires, from now on, an explanation of the way in which this work has been structured. Let us start from the relationship between cause and effect, and form and content, and try to analyze these relationships in relation to the central theme of this work, i.e. the policy of international trade. For the sake of breadth and at the same time theoretical precision, I will try to achieve this purpose, basing the analysis on the definition of International Economic Policy offered by Antonio J. González and Domingo Felipe Maza Zavala, in their Modern Treatise on General Economics, who in this respect point out: "Two general aspects of International Economic Policy can be considered: the action decided and conducted by each national State to orient, regulate or modify the flows of goods, services and factors originating in the country itself or coming from the rest of the world; the multinational action, that is, of several national States, either directly or through organizations created for that purpose, tending to orient, regulate or modify the mentioned flows at world or regional level (understanding in this case by region a determined set of countries linked by some circumstance or agreement)". To pave the way to an understanding of the structure of this paper, I will try to give an interpretation of this definition. Let us note first of all that for the two general aspects of the definition, the authors argue for the orientation, regulation or modification of flows of goods, services and factors. If we start from the position of the classical Theory of International Trade, according to which this trade originates in the specialization resulting from the utilization of comparative advantages, we can then begin to discover a very close relationship between the productive structure of a nation (based on specialization) and the structure of its international trade (in which it will try to utilize its comparative advantages). The way in which that nation orients the flow of goods, services and factors towards the exterior, and the necessary regulations so that the orientation it wishes to give to that flow translates into concrete benefits, will then depend on the characteristics of the goods, services and factors produced; but above all on the way and the means in which they are produced, that is to say, they depend on the degree of development of that nation and the productive structure that corresponds to it at a given moment.
The object of research of the present work presents some methodological peculiarities, derived from the conceptualization of "International Trade Policy", which constitutes the starting and concluding point of this work. This situation requires, from now on, an explanation of the way in which this work has been structured. Let us start from the relationship between cause and effect, and form and content, and try to analyze these relationships in relation to the central theme of this work, i.e. the policy of international trade. For the sake of breadth and at the same time theoretical precision, I will try to achieve this purpose, basing the analysis on the definition of International Economic Policy offered by Antonio J. González and Domingo Felipe Maza Zavala, in their Modern Treatise on General Economics, who in this respect point out: "Two general aspects of International Economic Policy can be considered: the action decided and conducted by each national State to orient, regulate or modify the flows of goods, services and factors originating in the country itself or coming from the rest of the world; the multinational action, that is, of several national States, either directly or through organizations created for that purpose, tending to orient, regulate or modify the mentioned flows at world or regional level (understanding in this case by region a determined set of countries linked by some circumstance or agreement)". To pave the way to an understanding of the structure of this paper, I will try to give an interpretation of this definition. Let us note first of all that for the two general aspects of the definition, the authors argue for the orientation, regulation or modification of flows of goods, services and factors. If we start from the position of the classical Theory of International Trade, according to which this trade originates in the specialization resulting from the utilization of comparative advantages, we can then begin to discover a very close relationship between the productive structure of a nation (based on specialization) and the structure of its international trade (in which it will try to utilize its comparative advantages). The way in which that nation orients the flow of goods, services and factors towards the exterior, and the necessary regulations so that the orientation it wishes to give to that flow translates into concrete benefits, will then depend on the characteristics of the goods, services and factors produced; but above all on the way and the means in which they are produced, that is to say, they depend on the degree of development of that nation and the productive structure that corresponds to it at a given moment.
Descripción
Palabras clave
COMERCIO, COMPETENCIA ECONÓMICA, COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL, CONVENIOS COMERCIALES, COSTA RICA, COMMERCE, ECONOMIC COMPETITION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, TRADE AGREEMENTS