Planificación participativa para la integración de la población solicitante de condición de refugio, a partir del análisis de su problemática, con base en el Programa Medios de Vida que ejecuta Fundación Mujer, ubicada en Mercedes de Montes de Oca en San José, período 2018-2019.
Fecha
2020
Autores
Gaitán Artavia, Evelyn Fiorela
Segura Castillo, Catherine
Zúñiga Blanco, Marjorie
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Según datos del ACNUR, en el mundo existen más de 79 millones de personas
que se ven obligadas a abandonar su hogar por razones de raza, religión,
nacionalidad, orientación sexual opinión política o pertenencia a determinado grupo
social, siendo 4,2 millones personas solicitantes de refugio en el mundo, por lo que,
este Trabajo Final de Graduación de modalidad proyecto, consistió en formular una
propuesta participativa que involucre a las personas solicitantes de refugio, a través
del Programa de Medios de Vida que ejecuta Fundación Mujer para generar una
integración social, económica y cultural, y a partir de este análisis, se identificaron
aspectos preocupantes que enfrenta dicha población para incorporarse en el país
de acogida.
Se parte del planteamiento de un objetivo general que nos permite analizar la
problemática por la que pasa dicha población y así generar una propuesta que los
integre en la sociedad, complementado con objetivos específicos que nos permiten
caracterizar a la población; describir el contexto institucional, jurídico y legal en el
que se desenvuelven; e identificar las iniciativas de planificación participativa que
existen en el país.
Con los resultados obtenidos a través de los diferentes instrumentos que se
aplicaron en el trabajo de campo, se creó un plan de acción para lograr mejorar la
planificación e integración de las instituciones que trabajan con dicha población,
para lo que se recolectó información mediante un enfoque cualitativo, que se
fundamentó en un acercamiento interpretativo al sujeto en estudio, es decir, la
población solicitante de refugio, mediante entrevistas semi estructuradas. Se aplicó
un cuestionario a 91 solicitantes de refugio, en el que se abarcaron aspectos
económicos, sociales, culturales y habitacionales, entre otros. Además, se
realizaron entrevistas a las autoridades de la Municipalidad de Montes de Oca, al Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR), a la Dirección
General de Migración y Extranjería (DGME) y al equipo de Medios de Vida de
Fundación Mujer.
Para el análisis de resultados se utilizó la interpretación de la información
mediante gráficos y el análisis descriptivo de la información de las entrevistas.
Como, producto final, se destaca, de forma general, que el proceso de solicitud de
refugio es complicado por aspectos económicos y de tiempo, ya que se derivan
problemas con el carné de permiso laboral que facilita la inserción y sostenibilidad
económica al mercado nacional de las personas solicitantes de refugio, generando
dificultades en la obtención de ingresos para cubrir las necesidades básicas a nivel
personal y familiar. Los problemas que genera la desinformación en los trámites que
se realizan y en los deberes y derechos que tiene la población solicitante de refugio
provocan que su estadía en el país se torne más difícil y complicada.
Finalmente, se resalta la importancia de generar una planificación participativa en
donde los principales actores coincidan en la toma de decisiones, generen espacios
de integración y se plantee un objetivo común que mejore las condiciones de la
población solicitante de refugio.
Con base en lo anterior, se realizó una propuesta de planificación participativa
que está compuesta por tres fases que buscan generar la integración de los
solicitantes de refugio: la primera es identificar los actores involucrados con la
población; la segunda consiste en generar la planificación participativa a través de
herramientas como foros, grupos focales y talleres; y la tercera es dar seguimiento
y evaluación a lo propuesto.
According to UNHCR data, there are more than 79 million people in the world who are forced to leave their home for reasons of race, religion, nationality, sexual orientation, political opinion or belonging to a certain group social, with 4.2 million refugee applicants in the world, therefore, This Final Project of Graduation Project, consisted of formulating a participatory proposal that involves refugee applicants, through of the Livelihoods Program run by Fundación Mujer to generate a social, economic and cultural integration, and based on this analysis, worrisome aspects faced by said population to join the country host. It starts from the proposal of a general objective that allows us to analyze the problem that this population goes through and thus generate a proposal that integrate into society, complemented with specific objectives that allow us characterize the population; describe the institutional, legal and legal context in the that unfold; and identify participatory planning initiatives that exist in the country. With the results obtained through the different instruments that are applied in the field work, an action plan was created to improve the planning and integration of the institutions that work with said population, for which information was collected through a qualitative approach, which was based on an interpretive approach to the subject under study, that is, the refugee applicant population, through semi-structured interviews. Applied a questionnaire to 91 asylum seekers, which covered aspects economic, social, cultural and housing, among others. Also I know conducted interviews with the authorities of the Municipality of Montes de Oca, at United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), to the Directorate General of Migration and Aliens (DGME) and the Livelihoods team of Woman Foundation. For the analysis of results, the interpretation of the information was used using graphics and descriptive analysis of the information from the interviews. As a final product, it is generally noted that the application process for refuge is complicated by economic and time aspects, since they are derived problems with the work permit card that facilitates insertion and sustainability economic to the national market of refugee applicants, generating difficulties in obtaining income to cover basic needs at the level personal and family. The problems generated by misinformation in the procedures that are carried out and on the duties and rights of the refugee-seeking population they cause their stay in the country to become more difficult and complicated. Finally, the importance of generating participatory planning in where the main actors coincide in decision-making, generate spaces integration and a common goal is set to improve the conditions of the refugee applicant population. Based on the above, a participatory planning proposal was made which is composed of three phases that seek to generate the integration of refugee claimants: the first is to identify the actors involved with the population; The second consists of generating participatory planning through tools such as forums, focus groups and workshops; and the third is to follow up and evaluation of the proposal.
According to UNHCR data, there are more than 79 million people in the world who are forced to leave their home for reasons of race, religion, nationality, sexual orientation, political opinion or belonging to a certain group social, with 4.2 million refugee applicants in the world, therefore, This Final Project of Graduation Project, consisted of formulating a participatory proposal that involves refugee applicants, through of the Livelihoods Program run by Fundación Mujer to generate a social, economic and cultural integration, and based on this analysis, worrisome aspects faced by said population to join the country host. It starts from the proposal of a general objective that allows us to analyze the problem that this population goes through and thus generate a proposal that integrate into society, complemented with specific objectives that allow us characterize the population; describe the institutional, legal and legal context in the that unfold; and identify participatory planning initiatives that exist in the country. With the results obtained through the different instruments that are applied in the field work, an action plan was created to improve the planning and integration of the institutions that work with said population, for which information was collected through a qualitative approach, which was based on an interpretive approach to the subject under study, that is, the refugee applicant population, through semi-structured interviews. Applied a questionnaire to 91 asylum seekers, which covered aspects economic, social, cultural and housing, among others. Also I know conducted interviews with the authorities of the Municipality of Montes de Oca, at United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), to the Directorate General of Migration and Aliens (DGME) and the Livelihoods team of Woman Foundation. For the analysis of results, the interpretation of the information was used using graphics and descriptive analysis of the information from the interviews. As a final product, it is generally noted that the application process for refuge is complicated by economic and time aspects, since they are derived problems with the work permit card that facilitates insertion and sustainability economic to the national market of refugee applicants, generating difficulties in obtaining income to cover basic needs at the level personal and family. The problems generated by misinformation in the procedures that are carried out and on the duties and rights of the refugee-seeking population they cause their stay in the country to become more difficult and complicated. Finally, the importance of generating participatory planning in where the main actors coincide in decision-making, generate spaces integration and a common goal is set to improve the conditions of the refugee applicant population. Based on the above, a participatory planning proposal was made which is composed of three phases that seek to generate the integration of refugee claimants: the first is to identify the actors involved with the population; The second consists of generating participatory planning through tools such as forums, focus groups and workshops; and the third is to follow up and evaluation of the proposal.
Descripción
Palabras clave
SAN JOSÉ (COSTA RICA), PARTICIPACIÓN COMUNITARIA, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, ASPECTOS ECONÓMICOS, ECONOMIC ASPECTS, INTEGRACIÓN ECONÓMICA, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, ASPECTOS CULTURALES, CULTURAL ASPECTS