An Anatomical and Radiographic Study on the Vertebral Column of the Two-Toed Sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni)
Fecha
2021-04-23
Autores
Chinchilla-Barboza, Maripaz
Chiquillo-Vergara, Siam
Delgado-Álvarez, Valeria
Gutiérrez- Gutiérrez, Susan
Mora-Aleman, Steven
Páez-Padilla, Jonathan Gerardo
Sanchez-Bermudez, Jorge
Pequeno, Andréia Passos
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El Choloepus hoffmanni es un mamífero del superorden Xenarthra que se distribuye desde América Central hasta
América del Sur. Estos animales comúnmente llegan a los centros de atención y valoración de fauna silvestre víctimas
de atropellamientos o agresiones por parte del humano y animales domésticos, por lo que las bases anatómicas
son fundamentales para la práctica clinico-quirúrgica en esta especie. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir
las características anatómicas y radiográficas de la columna vertebral del Choloepus hoffmanni. En este estudio se
utilizaron cuatro especímenes de C. hoffmanni, los huesos de la columna vertebral se prepararon mediante hervido y
macerado. Como resultados fue posible observar que el esqueleto axial del perezoso está compuesto por cinco tipos
de vértebras notablemente distintas. Entre ellas fueron encontradas seis vértebras cervicales, un número variable
de vértebras torácicas, vértebras lumbares xenartéricas y la fusión entre el sacro y los coxales. Finalmente, fueron
identificadas cuatro vértebras caudales subdesarrolladas formando un pequeño muñón de cola. Radiográficamente,
no se observaron desvíos anormales en ninguno de los segmentos de la columna ni tampoco alteraciones óseas o de
estructuras adyacentes. En conclusión, el presente estudio describió tanto la osteología como la anatomía radiológica
de la columna vertebral del C. hoffmanni detallando las similitudes y particularidades de esta especie en relación
con mamíferos domésticos, así como otras especies del superorden Xenartra. Tal información es importante para el
análisis forense de la vida silvestre, así como colaborar con el abordaje clínico-quirúrgico de lesiones en la columna
vertebral en esta especie.
The Choloepus Hoffmani is a mammal belonging to the Xenarthra superorder; xenarthrans are distributed from North to South America. It is common for these animals to require medical attention at wildlife rescue centers after being attacked by domestic animals or run over by cars. A proper understanding of this species’ anatomy is vital in order to be able to offer them a proper level of clinical attention. This publication aims to describe the spine’s anatomical and radiographic characteristics of the Choloepus Hoffmani. Four individuals were used in this research; the spine bones were cleaned by boiling and maceration. In the results, it was possible to observe how the postcranial axial skeleton in the sloths is made up by five of distinctive vertebra types. In the spine were found: six cervical vertebrae, a variable number of thoracic vertebrae, xenarthrous lumbar vertebrae, and a fusion between the sacrum and coxal bone. Finally, four underdeveloped caudal vertebrae were also identified in a small stump-like tail. Radiographically, no pathologies were observed in the alignment or structure of the spine. In conclusion, the present study described both the osteology alongside the anatomical radiography of the vertebral column of the Choloepus hoffmani, highlighting the particularities that are not found in domestic mammals and other members of the Xenarthra superorder. Information of this kind is relevant for forensic wildlife analysis, alongside aiding the treatment of animals in this species who suffered lesions in their spine.
The Choloepus Hoffmani is a mammal belonging to the Xenarthra superorder; xenarthrans are distributed from North to South America. It is common for these animals to require medical attention at wildlife rescue centers after being attacked by domestic animals or run over by cars. A proper understanding of this species’ anatomy is vital in order to be able to offer them a proper level of clinical attention. This publication aims to describe the spine’s anatomical and radiographic characteristics of the Choloepus Hoffmani. Four individuals were used in this research; the spine bones were cleaned by boiling and maceration. In the results, it was possible to observe how the postcranial axial skeleton in the sloths is made up by five of distinctive vertebra types. In the spine were found: six cervical vertebrae, a variable number of thoracic vertebrae, xenarthrous lumbar vertebrae, and a fusion between the sacrum and coxal bone. Finally, four underdeveloped caudal vertebrae were also identified in a small stump-like tail. Radiographically, no pathologies were observed in the alignment or structure of the spine. In conclusion, the present study described both the osteology alongside the anatomical radiography of the vertebral column of the Choloepus hoffmani, highlighting the particularities that are not found in domestic mammals and other members of the Xenarthra superorder. Information of this kind is relevant for forensic wildlife analysis, alongside aiding the treatment of animals in this species who suffered lesions in their spine.
Descripción
Palabras clave
PEREZOSO, ANATOMÍA ANIMAL, OSTEOLOGIA FORENSE, ESQUELETO, SLOTH, ANIMAL ANATOMY, FORENSIC OSTEOLOGY, SKELETON