Ambiente y competitividad: Estrategias de diferenciación ambiental en la agrocadena del café costarricense: Estudio de caso de la Región Central Occidental
Fecha
2006
Autores
Alonso Ubieta, Suyen Deyanira
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El cambio en los gustos y preferencias en los mercados importadores de café, ha dado como resultado la proliferación y consolidación de nuevas y más estrictas exigencias de calidad alrededor del comercio internacional del grano; requerimientos que, en los últimos años, han apuntado al cumplimiento de cierta normativa ambiental. Esta situación, en adición a las condiciones estructurales de este mercado, impone nuevos desafíos a los países productores de café.
Por esta razón, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar las implicaciones competitivas que las regulaciones ambientales internacionales poseen en el desenvolvimiento comercial de los agentes participantes en la cadena nacional del café. Básicamente, se busca determinar la incidencia que las medidas ambientales internacionales han tenido en la definición de las estrategias empresariales desarrolladas por los sujetos en estudio.
Para abordar esta problemática, primeramente se identifican las principales regulaciones ambientales que afectan el comercio mundial del café, para posteriormente evaluar cómo estos requerimientos se traducen en el comportamiento económico de los agentes nacionales.
Teóricamente se utiliza el enfoque de Cadenas Globales de Mercancías (CGM), el cual permite comprender el funcionamiento de las redes organizacionales envueltas en el proceso de producción y comercialización del café. Asimismo, esta perspectiva brinda elementos analíticos para entender cómo la fuerza de una cadena orientada por la demanda modifica la dinámica comercial de los agentes locales.
La principal conclusión de la investigación, demuestra que en el caso de la RCO, los requerimientos ambientales internacionales han incidido positivamente en la calidad ambiental del café, lo cual contribuye a mejorar el posicionamiento del producto exportado.
The change in tastes and preferences in the coffee import markets has resulted in the proliferation and consolidation of newer and stricter quality requirements around the international trade of the grain. In the last years, these regulations have aimed at the fulfillment of certain environmental norms. This situation, in addition to the structural conditions of this market, imposes new challenges to the coffee producing countries. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation is to determine the competitive implications that the international environmental regulations have in the commercial unfolding of the participant agents in the chain of coffee. Basically, this investigation analyzed the incidence that the international environmental requirements have in the definition of the enterprise strategies developed by farmers and coffee millers in Costa Rica. The first step to approach this problem is identify the main environmental regulations that affect the world-wide commerce of coffee. Once done that, such regulations will be evaluated to determine how these requirements are translated in the economic behavior from the national agents. Theoretically, we use the approach of Global Commodity Chain (GCC), to understand the operation of the organizational networks surrounded in the production process and commercialization of the coffee. Also, this perspective offers analytical elements to understand how the buyer-driven force modifies the commercial dynamics of the local agents. The main conclusion of the investigation establishes that, in the case of the RCO, the international environmental requirements have a positive impact in the environmental quality of coffee, contributing to improve its export positioning.
The change in tastes and preferences in the coffee import markets has resulted in the proliferation and consolidation of newer and stricter quality requirements around the international trade of the grain. In the last years, these regulations have aimed at the fulfillment of certain environmental norms. This situation, in addition to the structural conditions of this market, imposes new challenges to the coffee producing countries. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation is to determine the competitive implications that the international environmental regulations have in the commercial unfolding of the participant agents in the chain of coffee. Basically, this investigation analyzed the incidence that the international environmental requirements have in the definition of the enterprise strategies developed by farmers and coffee millers in Costa Rica. The first step to approach this problem is identify the main environmental regulations that affect the world-wide commerce of coffee. Once done that, such regulations will be evaluated to determine how these requirements are translated in the economic behavior from the national agents. Theoretically, we use the approach of Global Commodity Chain (GCC), to understand the operation of the organizational networks surrounded in the production process and commercialization of the coffee. Also, this perspective offers analytical elements to understand how the buyer-driven force modifies the commercial dynamics of the local agents. The main conclusion of the investigation establishes that, in the case of the RCO, the international environmental requirements have a positive impact in the environmental quality of coffee, contributing to improve its export positioning.
Descripción
Trabajo Final de Graduación en Maestría en Política Económica (MPE)
Palabras clave
COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL, CAFÉ, NORMAS DE CALIDAD, IMPORTACIONES, COMPETITIVIDAD, COMERCIO - TRADE, COFFEE, QUALITY STANDARDS, IMPORTS, COMPETITIVENESS