Trampa de fondo como una alternativa en el control integrado del ácaro Varroa destructor en colmenas de abejas africanizadas
Fecha
2023-11-09
Autores
Sánchez Chaves, Luis
Calderon, Rafael
Ramírez-Arias, José Fernando
Sanchez, Luis
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Editor
Revista de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNA
Resumen
Se midió la efectividad de la trampa de fondo en el control del ácaro Varroa destructor en colmenas de abejas africanizadas, de junio a setiembre 2017, en Atenas, Alajuela. Se registró la caída natural de ácaros durante un período de 30 días en la trampa, la cual consistió en un fondo de madera (50 x 42 cm), cubierto con cedazo metálico en la parte superior, con un tamaño de tamiz de seis agujeros por cm2. En el interior de la trampa, se colocó una lámina de cartulina blanca, impregnada con vaselina, previamente cuadriculada, para facilitar el conteo de los ácaros, la cual se reemplazó cada siete días. Luego del día 30, los ácaros remantes se eliminaron. Se determinó la efectividad del método, para lo cual se aplicó cuatro tiras de flumetrina a cada colmena, durante seis semanas. Adicionalmente, se evaluó la mortalidad de los diferentes estadios de varroa en la cría sellada (operculada) de obrera. La caída natural de ácaros, en 30 días, fue de 715 ± 531 (n= 5). La mayor cantidad de varroa se observó al día 22, colectándose 335 ± 285 ácaros, mientras que el menor número se obtuvo el primer día de muestreo con 30 ± 13. Al aplicar flumetrina, se eliminaron 2072 ± 1874 ácaros. Este procedimiento permitió establecer la cantidad de ácaros caídos naturalmente y eliminados de la colmena mediante la trampa de fondo, correspondió a un 25.7%. Por otra parte, se determinó que la mortalidad de los diferentes estadios de varroa, en la cría sellada de obrera, fue menor a un 10.0%. En conclusión, la trampa de fondo eliminó más de la cuarta parte de los ácaros presentes en las colmenas, por lo cual, este método puede ser considerado como una opción en el manejo integrado de varroa en colmenas de abejas africanizadas.
The effectiveness of the bottom trap in the control of the Varroa destructor mite in Africanized bee hives was measured from June to September 2017, in Atenas, Alajuela. The natural fall of mites was recorded during a period of 30 days in the trap, which consisted of a wooden bottom (50 x 42 cm), covered with metal sieve at the top, with a sieve size of six holes per cm2. Inside the trap, a sheet of white cardboard impregnated with petroleum jelly, previously gridded, was placed to facilitate the counting of mites, which was replaced every seven days. After day 30, the remaining mites were eliminated. The effectiveness of the method was determined by applying four strips of flumethrin to each hive for six weeks. Additionally, the mortality of the different stages of varroa in the sealed (operculate) worker brood was evaluated. The natural mite drop, in 30 days, was 715 ± 531 (n= 5). The highest number of varroa was observed on day 22, collecting 335 ± 285 mites, while the lowest number was obtained on the first day of sampling with 30 ± 13. When flumethrin was applied, 2072 ± 1874 mites were eliminated. This procedure made it possible to establish the number of mites that fell naturally and were eliminated from the hive by means of the bottom trap, which corresponded to 25.7%. . On the other hand, it was determined that the mortality of the different varroa stages in the sealed worker brood was less than 10.0%. In conclusion, the bottom trap eliminated more than a quarter of the mites present in the hives; therefore, this method can be considered as an option in the integrated management of varroa in Africanized bee hives.
The effectiveness of the bottom trap in the control of the Varroa destructor mite in Africanized bee hives was measured from June to September 2017, in Atenas, Alajuela. The natural fall of mites was recorded during a period of 30 days in the trap, which consisted of a wooden bottom (50 x 42 cm), covered with metal sieve at the top, with a sieve size of six holes per cm2. Inside the trap, a sheet of white cardboard impregnated with petroleum jelly, previously gridded, was placed to facilitate the counting of mites, which was replaced every seven days. After day 30, the remaining mites were eliminated. The effectiveness of the method was determined by applying four strips of flumethrin to each hive for six weeks. Additionally, the mortality of the different stages of varroa in the sealed (operculate) worker brood was evaluated. The natural mite drop, in 30 days, was 715 ± 531 (n= 5). The highest number of varroa was observed on day 22, collecting 335 ± 285 mites, while the lowest number was obtained on the first day of sampling with 30 ± 13. When flumethrin was applied, 2072 ± 1874 mites were eliminated. This procedure made it possible to establish the number of mites that fell naturally and were eliminated from the hive by means of the bottom trap, which corresponded to 25.7%. . On the other hand, it was determined that the mortality of the different varroa stages in the sealed worker brood was less than 10.0%. In conclusion, the bottom trap eliminated more than a quarter of the mites present in the hives; therefore, this method can be considered as an option in the integrated management of varroa in Africanized bee hives.
Descripción
Forma parte del proyecto Programa de Ecología y Polinización: Fase III.
Palabras clave
ABEJAS AFRICANIZADAS, ÁCARO VARROA DESTRUCTOR, CONTROL INTEGRADO, TRAMPA DE FONDO, AFRICANIZED BEES, INTEGRATED CONTROL, BOTTOM TRAP