Análisis de las repercusiones de la pandemia a causa de la Covid-19, en la liquidez, gestión, rentabilidad y comportamiento de los fondos administrados por la OPC CCSS, durante el periodo comprendido entre 2019-2020
Fecha
2021
Autores
Aguilar García, Stephanie
Chaverri Rodríguez, Lesideth
Vargas Vargas, Yuliana
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Durante el año 2020 el país y el mundo experimentaron la llegada de la Covid-19, la
cual además de provocar una crisis sanitaria también generó una severa afectación de la
economía costarricense. Aunado a lo anterior, tanto la pandemia por Covid-19 como también
otros factores que el país ha arrastrado por años como lo son el desempleo y desaceleración de
la economía, contribuyeron a la decadencia de la economía del país.
Es por lo anterior que el documento de investigación tiene como tema principal el
análisis de las repercusiones por causa de la pandemia generada por la Covid-19, en la OPC
CCSS específicamente en los aspectos de liquidez, gestión, rentabilidad y comportamiento de
los fondos administrados por la misma, durante el periodo 2019-2020.
Asimismo, es importante mencionar que el equipo investigador se encuentra compuesto
por Stephanie G. Aguilar García, Lesideth M. Chaverri Rodríguez y Yuliana R. Vargas Vargas,
estudiantes de licenciatura en administración con énfasis en Gestión financiera, de la
Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica.
De igual manera, se plantea como interrogante principal de investigación la siguiente:
¿En términos financieros y administrativos cual ha sido la afectación en cuanto a gestión,
liquidez y rentabilidad de los fondos administrados por la Operadora de Pensiones
Complementarias y de Capitalización Laboral de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, a
causa de la Covid-19 durante el 2020, tomando como referencia el año 2019?
Tomando como referencia el contexto experimentado por el país durante el año 2020,
surge la problemática asociada al conocer si se ocasionó afectación alguna a causa de la crisis
por Covid-19 en los fondos administrados por la OPC CCSS.
Para el estudio de esta problemática se plantea como objetivo general el Analizar las
repercusiones de la pandemia a causa de la Covid-19, en la liquidez, gestión y rentabilidad de
los fondos administrados por la Operadora de Pensiones Complementarias y de Capitalización
Laboral de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, por medio del estudio de una línea de
tendencia, del Fondo de Capitalización Laboral y el Régimen Obligatorio de Pensión
Complementaria, durante el periodo comprendido entre 2019-2020. De igual manera, en esta
investigación se pretende responder a cuatro objetivos específicos, seguidamente se presentan:
Esquema 1 Objetivos específicos de investigación
Fuente: Elaboración propia, 2021
En lo referente al modelo de análisis se determinó que el tipo de investigación sea
explicativo, debido a que pretende explicar los efectos y repercusiones que genera la pandemia
por causa de la Covid-19 en el entorno que se presenta dentro del problema de investigación,
descrito anteriormente. En relación con lo anterior, también se determina que el enfoque de
investigación sea de carácter mixto, debido a que en él se pretenderá generar una recolección y
análisis de datos tanto cualitativos como cuantitativos.
Unido a esto se determina que la población de estudio es la OPC CCSS, tomando como
punto de enfoque las áreas de finanzas y comercial, además se establece que la investigación
consta tanto de fuentes primarias como segundarias. El diseño muestral es no probabilístico o
dirigido, debido a que se establece por características específicas basadas en los objetivos y el
propósito del estudio.
La recolección de datos se da por medio de tres técnicas, estas son, la revisión
documental, entrevistas y una lista de observación, para ello se establecen tres instrumentos que
sirven como guía para reunir los datos necesarios, por último, se definen los alcances y
limitaciones que presenta la investigación.
Asimismo, es importante mencionar que en este trabajo de investigación se plantearon
cuatro variables independientes, la cuales se desarrollan y analizan a lo largo de este documento,
estas variables corresponden a: Aportantes y retiros del FCL y aportantes del ROPC, Liquidez,
Gestión administrativa y Rentabilidad.
Tomando como referencia el análisis de los fondos administrados por la OPC CCSS
durante el periodo comprendido entre 2019- 2020 se consiguió determinar que las repercusiones
de la pandemia a causa de la Covid-19, en la liquidez, gestión y rentabilidad se dieron
principalmente en el aumento de los aportantes a el ROPC durante los últimos dos meses del
año 2020, por otra parte se dio una disminución en los aportantes al FCL a causa del desempleo,
ceses y suspensiones laborales, así como también fue posible detectar la interrelación entre
estos factores y el incremento en los retiros del FCL. Por consiguiente, se observó que en cuanto
a la liquidez del FCL, la OPC CCSS logró cumplir satisfactoriamente sus obligaciones a corto
plazo durante el año 2020, esto a pesar de la gran demanda de retiros de este fondo.
Con respecto a la gestión administrativa la principal repercusión se encuentra
relacionada a la atención de la gran cantidad de solicitudes de retiro que se presentaron, mismas
que la OPC debía enfrentar en un panorama de confinamiento, teletrabajo y sin la posibilidad
de contratar más personal. De igual manera, todos los esfuerzos realizados durante el 2020 se
debían ver reflejados en la rentabilidad de los fondos para dicho año, en relación con lo anterior
es posible afirmar que se presentó una buena rentabilidad para el ROPC 2020 así como también
la buena gestión permitió que el FCL no se derrumbará ante la magnitud e incremento del
número de solicitudes de retiro recibidas y tramitadas.
Por último, el equipo investigador presenta una propuesta dirigida a la OPC CCSS, la
cual tiene como objetivo el crear un plan de contingencia mediante la construcción de un fondo
de emergencia que permita la atención de futuros riesgos sistémicos, así como la
implementación de diversas acciones que garanticen la sostenibilidad financiera de la OPC
CCSS y del país.
During 2020, the country and the world experienced the arrival of Covid-19, which in addition to causing a health crisis also severely affected the Costa Rican economy. In addition to the above, both the Covid-19 pandemic as well as other factors that the country has dragged on for years, such as unemployment and the slowdown of the economy, contributed to the decline of the country's economy. It is because of the above that the main topic of the research document is the analysis of the repercussions due to the pandemic generated by Covid-19, in the OPC CCSS specifically in the aspects of liquidity, management, profitability and behavior of the managed funds for the same, during the period 2019-2020. Likewise, it is important to mention that the research team is made up of Stephanie G. Aguilar García, Lesideth M. Chaverri Rodríguez and Yuliana R. Vargas Vargas, undergraduate students in administration with an emphasis in Financial Management, from the National University of Costa Rica. In the same way, the following is the main research question: In financial and administrative terms, what has been the impact in terms of management, liquidity and profitability of the funds managed by the Operadora de Pensiones Complementarias y de Capitalización Laboral de la Caja? Costa Rican Social Security, because of Covid-19 during 2020, taking as a reference the year 2019? Taking as a reference the context experienced by the country during 2020, the associated problem arises when knowing if any damage was caused due to the Covid-19 crisis in the funds managed by the OPC CCSS. For the study of this problem, the general objective is to analyze the repercussions of the pandemic caused by Covid-19, on the liquidity, management and profitability of the funds managed by the Operator of Complementary Pensions and Labor Capitalization of the Fund. Costa Rican Social Security, through the study of a trend line, of the Labor Capitalization Fund and the Compulsory Supplementary Pension Scheme, during the period between 2019-2020. Similarly, this research aims to respond to four specific objectives, which are presented below: i. Examine the behavior of contributors and withdrawals to the FCL, as well as contributors to the ROPC during the 2019-2020 period, to understand the repercussions that unemployment and the reduction in working hours have on the funds managed by the Pension Operator of the CCSS. ii. Estimate the impact of the withdrawal of the FCL due to termination of employment during 2020, on the income, expenses and cash flow of the Labor Capitalization Fund of the OPC CCSS, through documentary research and other instruments that allow the determination of the liquidity of said fund. iii. Determine the implications generated by the application of Law No. 9832 for the reduction of working hours, within the administrative management of the OPC CCSS, through data collection techniques and study of documentary information. iv. Compare the profitability of the funds managed by the OPC CCSS for the period 2019 against the year 2020, based on the study of statistical data from SUPEN, to determine the financial effects that the operator had. Regarding the analysis model, it was determined that the type of research is explanatory, because it aims to explain the effects and repercussions generated by the pandemic due to Covid-19 in the environment that occurs within the research problem, described previously. In relation to the above, it is also determined that the research approach is of a mixed nature, since it will seek to generate a collection and analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data. Together with this, it is determined that the study population is the OPC CCSS, taking the areas of finance and commercial as a focus point, it is also established that the research consists of both primary and secondary sources. The sample design is non-probabilistic or directed, since it is established by specific characteristics based on the objectives and purpose of the study. The data collection is given by means of three techniques, these are, the documentary review, interviews and an observation list, for this three instruments are established that serve as a guide to gather the necessary data, finally, the scope and scope are defined. limitations of the research. Likewise, it is important to mention that in this research work four independent variables were proposed, which are developed and analyzed throughout this document, these variables correspond to: Contributors and withdrawals from the FCL and contributors to the ROPC, Liquidity, Administrative management and Cost effectiveness. Taking as a reference the analysis of the funds managed by the OPC CCSS during the period between 2019-2020, it was possible to determine that the repercussions of the pandemic due to Covid-19, on liquidity, management and profitability occurred mainly in the increase in contributors to the ROPC during the last two months of 2020, on the other hand, there was a decrease in contributors to the FCL due to unemployment, layoffs and work suspensions, as well as it was possible to detect the interrelation between these factors and the increase in withdrawals from the FCL. Consequently, it was observed that in terms of FCL liquidity, the OPC CCSS was able to satisfactorily meet its short-term obligations during 2020, despite the high demand for withdrawals from this fund. With regard to administrative management, the main repercussion is related to the attention to the large number of withdrawal requests that were presented, which the OPC had to face in a context of confinement, teleworking and without the possibility of hiring more personnel. In the same way, all the efforts made during 2020 should be reflected in the profitability of the funds for that year, in relation to the above it is possible to affirm that a good profitability was presented for the ROPC 2020 as well as the good management allowed that the FCL will not collapse due to the magnitude and increase in the number of withdrawal requests received and processed. Finally, the research team presents a proposal addressed to the OPC CCSS, which aims to create a contingency plan through the construction of an emergency fund that allows the attention of future systemic risks, as well as the implementation of various actions that guarantee the financial sustainability of the OPC CCSS and the country.
During 2020, the country and the world experienced the arrival of Covid-19, which in addition to causing a health crisis also severely affected the Costa Rican economy. In addition to the above, both the Covid-19 pandemic as well as other factors that the country has dragged on for years, such as unemployment and the slowdown of the economy, contributed to the decline of the country's economy. It is because of the above that the main topic of the research document is the analysis of the repercussions due to the pandemic generated by Covid-19, in the OPC CCSS specifically in the aspects of liquidity, management, profitability and behavior of the managed funds for the same, during the period 2019-2020. Likewise, it is important to mention that the research team is made up of Stephanie G. Aguilar García, Lesideth M. Chaverri Rodríguez and Yuliana R. Vargas Vargas, undergraduate students in administration with an emphasis in Financial Management, from the National University of Costa Rica. In the same way, the following is the main research question: In financial and administrative terms, what has been the impact in terms of management, liquidity and profitability of the funds managed by the Operadora de Pensiones Complementarias y de Capitalización Laboral de la Caja? Costa Rican Social Security, because of Covid-19 during 2020, taking as a reference the year 2019? Taking as a reference the context experienced by the country during 2020, the associated problem arises when knowing if any damage was caused due to the Covid-19 crisis in the funds managed by the OPC CCSS. For the study of this problem, the general objective is to analyze the repercussions of the pandemic caused by Covid-19, on the liquidity, management and profitability of the funds managed by the Operator of Complementary Pensions and Labor Capitalization of the Fund. Costa Rican Social Security, through the study of a trend line, of the Labor Capitalization Fund and the Compulsory Supplementary Pension Scheme, during the period between 2019-2020. Similarly, this research aims to respond to four specific objectives, which are presented below: i. Examine the behavior of contributors and withdrawals to the FCL, as well as contributors to the ROPC during the 2019-2020 period, to understand the repercussions that unemployment and the reduction in working hours have on the funds managed by the Pension Operator of the CCSS. ii. Estimate the impact of the withdrawal of the FCL due to termination of employment during 2020, on the income, expenses and cash flow of the Labor Capitalization Fund of the OPC CCSS, through documentary research and other instruments that allow the determination of the liquidity of said fund. iii. Determine the implications generated by the application of Law No. 9832 for the reduction of working hours, within the administrative management of the OPC CCSS, through data collection techniques and study of documentary information. iv. Compare the profitability of the funds managed by the OPC CCSS for the period 2019 against the year 2020, based on the study of statistical data from SUPEN, to determine the financial effects that the operator had. Regarding the analysis model, it was determined that the type of research is explanatory, because it aims to explain the effects and repercussions generated by the pandemic due to Covid-19 in the environment that occurs within the research problem, described previously. In relation to the above, it is also determined that the research approach is of a mixed nature, since it will seek to generate a collection and analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data. Together with this, it is determined that the study population is the OPC CCSS, taking the areas of finance and commercial as a focus point, it is also established that the research consists of both primary and secondary sources. The sample design is non-probabilistic or directed, since it is established by specific characteristics based on the objectives and purpose of the study. The data collection is given by means of three techniques, these are, the documentary review, interviews and an observation list, for this three instruments are established that serve as a guide to gather the necessary data, finally, the scope and scope are defined. limitations of the research. Likewise, it is important to mention that in this research work four independent variables were proposed, which are developed and analyzed throughout this document, these variables correspond to: Contributors and withdrawals from the FCL and contributors to the ROPC, Liquidity, Administrative management and Cost effectiveness. Taking as a reference the analysis of the funds managed by the OPC CCSS during the period between 2019-2020, it was possible to determine that the repercussions of the pandemic due to Covid-19, on liquidity, management and profitability occurred mainly in the increase in contributors to the ROPC during the last two months of 2020, on the other hand, there was a decrease in contributors to the FCL due to unemployment, layoffs and work suspensions, as well as it was possible to detect the interrelation between these factors and the increase in withdrawals from the FCL. Consequently, it was observed that in terms of FCL liquidity, the OPC CCSS was able to satisfactorily meet its short-term obligations during 2020, despite the high demand for withdrawals from this fund. With regard to administrative management, the main repercussion is related to the attention to the large number of withdrawal requests that were presented, which the OPC had to face in a context of confinement, teleworking and without the possibility of hiring more personnel. In the same way, all the efforts made during 2020 should be reflected in the profitability of the funds for that year, in relation to the above it is possible to affirm that a good profitability was presented for the ROPC 2020 as well as the good management allowed that the FCL will not collapse due to the magnitude and increase in the number of withdrawal requests received and processed. Finally, the research team presents a proposal addressed to the OPC CCSS, which aims to create a contingency plan through the construction of an emergency fund that allows the attention of future systemic risks, as well as the implementation of various actions that guarantee the financial sustainability of the OPC CCSS and the country.
Descripción
Palabras clave
COVID-19 (ENFERMEDAD), CONSECUENCIAS ECONÓMICAS, SEGURIDAD SOCIAL, COVID-19 (DISEASE), ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES, SOCIAL SECURITY, PENSIONES, PENSIONS, CAJA COSTARRICENSE DE SEGURO SOCIAL