Déficit habitacional en Pérez Zeledón y opciones financieras para familias de escasos recursos.
Fecha
2009
Autores
Agüero González, Juan Gabriel
Abarca Rojas, Freddy Gabriel
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación tuvo como propósito analizar la demanda habitacional en Pérez Zeledón y que opciones financieras existen para suplirla, orientado a familias de escasos recursos en el Cantón de Pérez Zeledón, abordando el tema social, político y económico. La investigación responde al tipo mixto; cualitativo y cuantitativo por las diferentes características descriptivas y numéricas que se presentan en la misma. Los datos investigados demuestran una densidad de 67 habitantes por km2, en donde los Distritos más poblados son San Isidro con un 37% y Daniel Flores con un 25%, no así el porcentaje de viviendas malas, que lo poseen San Pedro con un 18%, Platanares y cajón con un 15% cada uno, lo cual nos da un déficit de 4185 viviendas en mal estado. Esto quiere decir que para eliminar el déficit en 20 años se deben construir 1695 viviendas anuales. Luego de analizar los ingresos y gastos de los diferentes sectores se determinó que a partir del cuarto decil de la población posee disponible para hacer frente a un préstamo, más bajo de éste decil deben optar por un bono con una inversión de 11 millones de colones. Las recomendaciones indican que debe existir mayor control en el otorgamiento de bonos de vivienda y que los mismos sean retribuidos con un 35% del monto por la familia beneficiaria. Las soluciones de vivienda deben ser acompañadas de iniciativas empresariales para que las familias puedan hacer frente a sus otros compromisos. Además la Municipalidad del Cantón debe supervisar la creación de barrios y precarios para erradicar problemas sociales. En cuanto al Sistema Financiero se realiza una propuesta de cuota escalonada, tasas más cómodas (5% de intereses), facilidades en monto, beneficiarios, garantía y un periodo de gracia de 12 meses mientras la familia termina la solución otorgada y estabiliza sus finanzas.
The purpose of this research was to analyze the housing demand in Pérez Zeledón and what financial options exist to supply it, oriented to low-income families in the canton of Pérez Zeledón, addressing the social, political and economic issues. The research responds to the mixed type; qualitative and quantitative due to the different descriptive and numerical characteristics presented in it. The investigated data show a density of 67 inhabitants per km2, where the most populated Districts are San Isidro with 37% and Daniel Flores with 25%, but not the percentage of bad housing, which is in San Pedro with 18%, Platanares and Cajón with 15% each, which gives us a deficit of 4185 houses in bad condition. This means that in order to eliminate the deficit in 20 years, 1695 houses must be built annually. After analyzing the income and expenses of the different sectors, it was determined that from the fourth decile of the population, the lowest decile should opt for a bond with an investment of 11 million colones. The recommendations indicate that there should be greater control in the granting of housing bonds and that they should be repaid with 35% of the amount by the beneficiary family. Housing solutions should be accompanied by entrepreneurial initiatives so that families can meet their other commitments. In addition, the Canton Municipality should supervise the creation of neighborhoods and shantytowns to eradicate social problems. As for the Financial System, a proposal is made for a staggered installment, more comfortable rates (5% interest), facilities in amount, beneficiaries, guarantee and a grace period of 12 months while the family finishes the solution granted and stabilizes its finances.
The purpose of this research was to analyze the housing demand in Pérez Zeledón and what financial options exist to supply it, oriented to low-income families in the canton of Pérez Zeledón, addressing the social, political and economic issues. The research responds to the mixed type; qualitative and quantitative due to the different descriptive and numerical characteristics presented in it. The investigated data show a density of 67 inhabitants per km2, where the most populated Districts are San Isidro with 37% and Daniel Flores with 25%, but not the percentage of bad housing, which is in San Pedro with 18%, Platanares and Cajón with 15% each, which gives us a deficit of 4185 houses in bad condition. This means that in order to eliminate the deficit in 20 years, 1695 houses must be built annually. After analyzing the income and expenses of the different sectors, it was determined that from the fourth decile of the population, the lowest decile should opt for a bond with an investment of 11 million colones. The recommendations indicate that there should be greater control in the granting of housing bonds and that they should be repaid with 35% of the amount by the beneficiary family. Housing solutions should be accompanied by entrepreneurial initiatives so that families can meet their other commitments. In addition, the Canton Municipality should supervise the creation of neighborhoods and shantytowns to eradicate social problems. As for the Financial System, a proposal is made for a staggered installment, more comfortable rates (5% interest), facilities in amount, beneficiaries, guarantee and a grace period of 12 months while the family finishes the solution granted and stabilizes its finances.
Descripción
Licenciatura en administración con énfasis en dirección empresarial
Palabras clave
VIVIENDA, FINANCIAMIENTO DE LA VIVIENDA, FAMILIA, ZONAS RURALES, HOUSING, HOUSING FINANCE, FAMILY, RURAL AREAS, PÉREZ ZELEDÓN (SAN JOSÉ)